Enforcement tracker
Every cease-and-desist letter, state lawsuit, court order, criminal charge and settlement aimed at prediction markets, by state and by platform. 102 actions in 26 states so far.
- 16Cease-and-desist letters
- 13State lawsuits
- 57Court orders
- 1Criminal case
- 1Settlement
- 9Regulator warnings
- 5Tribal actions
Actions per month
Platforms named most often
Every action
| Date | State | Action | What happened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct. 20, 2026 | Utah | State lawsuitKalshi | Attorney General Brown sued Kalshi, four Kalshi subsidiaries and two Pennsylvania-based trading firms that supply pricing and liquidity in Utah's Third District Court, alleging that Kalshi operates as an unlicensed gambling business. The state seeks an order barring Kalshi from taking Utah wagers, enforced through a court-approved geolocation tool, plus fees it estimates at $30.6 million to $61.2 million and about $5.5 million in restitution for Utah users' losses.Source: The Salt Lake Tribune |
| Oct. 9, 2026 | Tennessee | Cease-and-desistUnderdog | The Council's director of fantasy sports told Underdog to halt its prediction market operations in Tennessee, warning of penalties, referral to law enforcement and possible revocation of its affiliate's fantasy sports license.Source: Covers |
| Oct. 8, 2026 | California | Court orderKalshi, Robinhood | The Ninth Circuit's mandate was entered in the district court, which set a case-management conference for October 21, 2026.Source: DeFi Rate legal tracker |
| Oct. 8, 2026 | Florida | Tribal actionDraftKings Predictions | The Seminole Tribe sued DraftKings, its CEO and DraftKings Predictions in Broward County circuit court, seeking an injunction and disgorgement over sports contracts and the Pick6 game.Source: WSN prediction markets legal tracker |
| Oct. 7, 2026 | Michigan | SettlementCoinbase | The Gaming Control Board announced Coinbase agreed to stop new sports-related event contracts for Michigan customers and close open positions by Oct. 10, 2026, in exchange for state forbearance while appeals proceed.Source: Michigan Gaming Control Board |
| Oct. 2, 2026 | Illinois | Court orderKalshi, Coinbase, Crypto.com | Judge Pacold granted in part the injunction motions in the Coinbase, CFTC and Kalshi cases, finding Illinois's licensing and related criminal provisions likely preempted as to the contracts at issue; the fee challenge was continued for more briefing.Source: N.D. Ill. Memorandum Opinion and Order, No. 1:26-cv-03659, Dkt. 99 |
| Oct. 2, 2026 | Ohio | Cease-and-desistPolymarket, Novig, Underdog, Coinbase, Robinhood, Gemini, Webull | The OCCC sent cease-and-desist letters to ten firms offering sports event contracts: Polymarket, Novig, Underdog, Coinbase, ProphetX, Robinhood, Gemini Titan, Webull, Plus500US and Moomoo. Recipients were told to confirm compliance in writing by October 16. Kalshi, already in litigation with the state, was not a recipient.Source: SBC Americas |
| Sept. 25, 2026 | Ohio | Court orderKalshi | A Sixth Circuit panel (Gibbons, writing, with Clay and Bloomekatz) affirmed the denial of Kalshi's preliminary injunction. It held that sports event contracts are not swaps and, in the alternative, that the Commodity Exchange Act does not preempt Ohio's gambling laws.Source: U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit opinion 26a0272p.06 |
| Sept. 25, 2026 | Tennessee | Court orderKalshi | The Sixth Circuit vacated the preliminary injunction and remanded, holding that sports event contracts are not swaps and that the Commodity Exchange Act does not preempt Tennessee's gambling laws.Source: U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit opinion 26a0272p.06 |
| Sept. 24, 2026 | New York | State lawsuitPolymarket | The attorney general petitioned New York County Supreme Court against QCX LLC (Polymarket US), alleging unlicensed sports wagering; the case was removed to federal court (No. 1:26-cv-08338).Source: New York AG verified petition |
| Sept. 21, 2026 | Montana | Court orderKalshi | The court dismissed the case on a joint stipulation filed Sept. 17, 2026: claims against the five commission members with prejudice, and against the attorney general, a Division official and the Division without prejudice. The defendants agreed not to begin enforcement over Kalshi's event contracts until Kalshi's Ninth Circuit rehearing bid in KalshiEX v. Assad is resolved, after which the attorney general's side must give 30 days' written notice.Source: Joint stipulation of dismissal, D. Mont. No. 6:26-cv-00028 (via DeFi Rate) |
| Sept. 21, 2026 | Wisconsin | Tribal actionKalshi | After Judge Conley certified his Ho-Chunk ruling for interlocutory appeal, Kalshi petitioned the Seventh Circuit for permission to appeal under 28 U.S.C. 1292(b) (No. 26-8020); no ruling on the petition was found.Source: Justia Dockets (7th Cir. No. 26-8020) |
| Sept. 16, 2026 | California | Court orderKalshi, Robinhood | A unanimous Ninth Circuit panel (No. 25-7504; Judges Murguia, McKeown and Paez) reversed the denial of a preliminary injunction on the IGRA claim, finding the tribes likely to succeed, and remanded for the other injunction factors without itself ordering an injunction; it affirmed dismissal of the tribes' Lanham Act claim.Source: InGame |
| Sept. 16, 2026 | Missouri | Cease-and-desistKalshi, Polymarket, Crypto.com, Robinhood, Novig, Underdog | The attorney general demanded each operator stop offering sports contracts to people in Missouri, or obtain a Gaming Commission license, pay the 10% wagering tax and fees, and bar under-21 users, within 30 days; the letters were announced Sept. 18, 2026.Source: Missouri Attorney General letter to KalshiEX LLC |
| Sept. 10, 2026 | Connecticut | Cease-and-desistPolymarket, Coinbase, Crypto.com, Robinhood, Novig, Webull, Gemini, Underdog | DCP ordered nine platforms (including ProphetX) to stop offering sports event contracts and issued about 30 subpoenas to vendors, payment firms, app stores and media outlets.Source: Office of Gov. Ned Lamont press release |
| Sept. 8, 2026 | Iowa | Court orderKalshi | Judge Stephen Locher denied Kalshi's preliminary-injunction motion, finding Kalshi unlikely to show its sports contracts are swaps, which leaves Iowa free to enforce its gaming laws while the case continues.Source: SBC Americas |
| Sept. 8, 2026 | Utah | Court orderKalshi | The Tenth Circuit denied Kalshi's emergency motion for an injunction pending appeal, leaving Utah free to enforce while the appeal proceeds.Source: SBC Americas |
| Sept. 4, 2026 | Michigan | Court orderRobinhood | A federal judge entered a stipulated order under which Robinhood stops new sports contracts for Michigan users by Sept. 9, 2026 and closes remaining positions by Oct. 9, 2026, without deciding the merits.Source: DeFi Rate tracker sources page |
| Sept. 1, 2026 | Michigan | Court orderKalshi | Judge Aquilina granted a preliminary injunction barring Kalshi's sports-wagering activity, deposits, account funding and advertising in Michigan, with geolocation rules and $500,000-per-day penalties, until a final order.Source: Ingham County Circuit Court order (via Michigan AG) |
| Aug. 28, 2026 | Nevada | Court orderKalshi | A Ninth Circuit panel (Judges R. Nelson, Bade and Lee; No. 25-7516) affirmed the dissolution of Kalshi's injunction as to sports contracts, holding they are likely not swaps and Nevada law is likely not preempted, and remanded on election contracts.Source: Ninth Circuit opinion, KalshiEX v. Assad |
| Aug. 27, 2026 | Montana | Court orderKalshi | Judge Donald Molloy denied Kalshi's preliminary injunction without prejudice, finding it had not shown likely irreparable harm after repeatedly agreeing to pause the case.Source: InGame |
| Aug. 26, 2026 | Connecticut | State lawsuitKalshi | AG William Tong and DCP sued Kalshi in Hartford Superior Court seeking to stop its sports contracts plus restitution and civil penalties; the court denied an ex parte TRO that day, and Kalshi later removed the case to federal court.Source: InGame |
| Aug. 15, 2026 | Connecticut | Court orderKalshi | The court also denied Kalshi's emergency motion for an injunction pending appeal.Source: Public Gaming Research Institute |
| Aug. 12, 2026 | Washington | Court orderKalshi | Judge McHale's order barred Kalshi from offering or advertising sports, election, politics, entertainment, culture, technology, science and mention contracts to Washington users. It required IP and residency geofencing by August 19 and multi-source geolocation by September 2, with possible $120,000 daily penalties.Source: Washington State Standard |
| Aug. 10, 2026 | Connecticut | Court orderKalshi | Judge Vernon D. Oliver denied Kalshi's motion for a preliminary injunction, finding its sports contracts are not swaps protected by federal law; Kalshi appealed.Source: Vultax lawsuit tracker |
| Aug. 10, 2026 | Washington | Court orderKalshi | A Washington Court of Appeals commissioner denied Kalshi's emergency request to stay the injunction pending appeal.Source: GeekWire |
| Aug. 7, 2026 | Michigan | Court orderCoinbase | The Eastern District of Michigan denied Coinbase's request for a preliminary injunction against state enforcement; Coinbase appealed.Source: Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299 |
| Aug. 4, 2026 | Utah | Court orderKalshi | Judge Robert J. Shelby granted summary judgment to Utah and closed the case, holding that federal commodities law does not displace Utah's power to ban gambling, including as applied to Kalshi's sports contracts.Source: Utah Attorney General |
| Aug. 3, 2026 | New York | Court orderKalshi | Judge Jed Rakoff, sitting in for the assigned judge, denied the United States' emergency request for a TRO halting the attorney general's case against Kalshi.Source: Ball Is Life / Derek Helling |
| July 31, 2026 | New York | State lawsuitKalshi | The attorney general sued Kalshi in New York County Supreme Court (No. 453272/2026), alleging an unlicensed gambling business and seeking an injunction, restitution, disgorgement and treble penalties; Kalshi removed the case to federal court.Source: Governor and Attorney General press release |
| July 29, 2026 | New York | Court orderKalshi | A Second Circuit motions order denied Kalshi a temporary injunction pending appeal and referred its motion to a three-judge panel; the appeal is to be heard in tandem with two related appeals.Source: Second Circuit docket No. 26-1835 (Justia) |
| July 28, 2026 | Wisconsin | Court order | In the CFTC's suit (E.D. Wis. No. 26-C-749), Judge William Griesbach denied a preliminary injunction, finding the CFTC unlikely to show that sports event contracts are swaps or that state gambling law is preempted. He also denied motions by two prediction markets to intervene. The CFTC appealed to the Seventh Circuit.Source: A&O Shearman litigation alert |
| July 27, 2026 | Minnesota | Court order | Judge Katherine Menendez preliminarily enjoined enforcement of the ban against CFTC-registered exchanges in challenges brought by the United States, Kalshi and Polymarket US, finding it likely preempted in many respects but noting final relief could be narrower.Source: Legal Sports Report |
| July 21, 2026 | Arizona | Court orderKalshi, Crypto.com | The Ninth Circuit stayed Arizona's appeal of the injunction (No. 26-4281), in which Kalshi and Crypto.com's exchange (NADEX) are appellees or intervenors, until it decided the related Nevada appeals.Source: Justia docket, 9th Cir. No. 26-4281 |
| July 20, 2026 | Washington | Court orderKalshi | Judge John McHale granted the state a preliminary injunction against Kalshi, rejecting its federal preemption defense.Source: GeekWire |
| July 9, 2026 | Wisconsin | Regulator guidanceKalshi, Polymarket | The Wisconsin Elections Commission approved a staff memo concluding that election contracts likely count as wagers under Wis. Stat. 6.03(2), which can disqualify a voter from voting in that election.Source: Gambling Insider |
| July 7, 2026 | New York | Court orderKalshi | Judge Analisa Torres denied Kalshi's preliminary injunction, finding preemption unlikely, and dismissed the Gaming Commission itself on immunity grounds; Kalshi appealed (2d Cir. No. 26-1835).Source: S.D.N.Y. opinion and order, KalshiEX v. Williams |
| July 1, 2026 | Nevada | Court orderKalshi | The Nevada Supreme Court (No. 92771) denied Kalshi's request to stay the state-court injunction.Source: SportsBettingDime |
| June 29, 2026 | Michigan | Court orderKalshi | Judge Rosemarie Aquilina issued an ex parte 14-day temporary restraining order barring Kalshi's sports contracts for anyone in Michigan, with geolocation requirements and a $120,000 daily fine; she extended and modified it in mid-July, setting a Aug. 12, 2026 geofencing deadline.Source: InGame |
| June 26, 2026 | Rhode Island | Court orderKalshi, Polymarket | The court allowed the CFTC to intervene on the exchanges' side.Source: CoinStats prediction market legal tracker |
| June 25, 2026 | Michigan | Court orderKalshi | A federal court sent the state's case against Kalshi back to Ingham County Circuit Court; Kalshi appealed the remand to the Sixth Circuit (No. 26-1639).Source: InGame |
| June 17, 2026 | Kentucky | State lawsuitKalshi, Polymarket | The attorney general filed separate Franklin Circuit Court suits against KalshiEX LLC and others (No. 26-CI-00689) and QCX LLC and others (No. 26-CI-00696), alleging unlicensed sports betting.Source: The Block |
| June 17, 2026 | Michigan | Court orderPolymarket, Robinhood | The Western District of Michigan denied preliminary injunctions to Polymarket and Robinhood; both appealed to the Sixth Circuit (Nos. 26-1552 and 26-1542).Source: Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299 |
| June 2026 | Rhode Island | Court orderKalshi, Polymarket | The federal court consolidated the state's enforcement case with Kalshi's suit; Polymarket US then sought its own preliminary injunction.Source: Public Gaming Research Institute |
| June 4, 2026 | New Mexico | State lawsuitKalshi | The attorney general sued Kalshi in the First Judicial District Court, Santa Fe County (No. D-101-CV-2026-01567), alleging unlicensed sports betting and seeking an injunction and nuisance abatement.Source: Underdog v. Torrez complaint (D.N.M.) |
| May 21, 2026 | Rhode Island | State lawsuitKalshi, Polymarket | About four hours later, Attorney General Neronha sued Kalshi and Polymarket US in Providence County Superior Court. The suit seeks a declaration that their sports contracts are gambling under state law, a permanent injunction, and restitution and disgorgement.Source: SBC Americas |
| May 21, 2026 | Washington | Court orderKalshi | The Ninth Circuit denied Kalshi's request to pause the state-court litigation while it appeals the remand.Source: DeFi Rate |
| May 18, 2026 | Nevada | Court orderKalshi | The court ordered Kalshi to geofence so it does not offer sports, election or entertainment event contracts to anyone in Nevada.Source: Nevada Gaming Control Board press release |
| May 12, 2026 | New Mexico | Tribal actionKalshi | The Mescalero Apache Tribe and the Pojoaque, Sandia and Isleta Pueblos sued Kalshi in federal court in Albuquerque, alleging it enables sports betting on tribal lands in violation of their gaming compacts and the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act.Source: Source NM |
| May 11, 2026 | Wisconsin | Court orderKalshi, Robinhood | In the Ho-Chunk case, Judge William Conley denied a preliminary injunction for lack of irreparable harm but let the tribe's Indian Gaming Regulatory Act claim proceed, finding it likely to succeed.Source: Courthouse News Service |
| May 5, 2026 | Arizona | Court orderKalshi | The court granted the federal government a preliminary injunction barring Arizona's criminal and civil enforcement of its gambling and election-betting laws against event contracts on CFTC-registered exchanges.Source: Arizona status report, 9th Cir. No. 26-4281 (Sept. 4, 2026) |
| May 5, 2026 | Washington | Court orderKalshi | U.S. District Judge John C. Coughenour remanded the state's Kalshi case to King County Superior Court.Source: CoinStats prediction market legal tracker |
| April 28, 2026 | Nevada | Court orderKalshi | Judge Woodbury, who had announced the ruling from the bench on April 3, 2026, entered a preliminary injunction requiring Kalshi to stop offering sports, election and entertainment contracts to Nevada residents by May 4, 2026.Source: DeFi Rate |
| April 24, 2026 | Ohio | Court orderKalshi | The Sixth Circuit denied Kalshi's motion for an injunction pending appeal.Source: Justia Dockets (6th Cir. No. 26-3196) |
| April 23, 2026 | Wisconsin | State lawsuitKalshi, Robinhood, Coinbase, Polymarket, Crypto.com | Attorney General Kaul filed three Dane County suits alleging that sports event contracts violate Wis. Stat. 945.03(1m) and create a public nuisance, seeking declarations and injunctions.Source: Wisconsin Department of Justice |
| April 21, 2026 | New York | State lawsuitCoinbase, Gemini | The attorney general sued Coinbase Financial Markets and Gemini Titan in New York County Supreme Court over unlicensed gambling; both cases were removed to federal court.Source: DeFi Rate New York guide |
| April 10, 2026 | Arizona | Court orderKalshi | Judge Michael Liburdi issued a temporary restraining order halting Arizona's enforcement against Kalshi; the scheduled arraignment was called off.Source: Courthouse News (AP) |
| April 8, 2026 | Arizona | Court orderKalshi | Judge Liburdi denied Kalshi's own motion for a TRO and preliminary injunction, relying mainly on the Anti-Injunction Act; Kalshi appealed in May (9th Cir. No. 26-2978), and that appeal is stayed.Source: InGame |
| April 6, 2026 | Montana | Cease-and-desistKalshi | The Division sent a second cease-and-desist letter, saying the earlier forbearance depended on Kalshi's Nevada injunction, which had since been dissolved.Source: SBC Americas |
| April 6, 2026 | New Jersey | Court orderKalshi | The Third Circuit affirmed the injunction 2-1 (Judge Porter writing, Judge Roth dissenting), finding the contracts likely swaps and New Jersey law likely preempted.Source: Third Circuit opinion, KalshiEX v. Flaherty |
| March 27, 2026 | Washington | State lawsuitKalshi | Attorney General Nick Brown sued Kalshi in King County Superior Court under the Gambling Act and the Consumer Protection Act, seeking to stop the activity, recover residents' losses and obtain civil penalties. Kalshi removed the case to federal court.Source: Washington Attorney General |
| March 20, 2026 | Nevada | Court orderKalshi | Judge Jason Woodbury granted the Board an ex parte TRO against Kalshi.Source: Bloomberg |
| March 17, 2026 | Arizona | Criminal chargesKalshi | The attorney general filed a 20-count misdemeanor criminal information in Maricopa County Superior Court against KalshiEX LLC and Kalshi Trading LLC, covering sports and election contracts.Source: SBC Americas |
| March 9, 2026 | Ohio | Court orderKalshi | Chief Judge Sarah D. Morrison denied Kalshi's motion for a preliminary injunction; Kalshi filed a notice of appeal the next day (6th Cir. No. 26-3196).Source: Justia Dockets (S.D. Ohio No. 2:25-cv-01165) |
| March 5, 2026 | Massachusetts | Court orderPolymarket | Judge William G. Young approved a joint request to pause Polymarket's federal case until the state appellate courts review the Kalshi injunction.Source: Bloomberg Law |
| March 5, 2026 | Michigan | State lawsuitKalshi | The attorney general, for the state and the Gaming Control Board, sued Kalshi in Ingham County Circuit Court under the Lawful Sports Betting Act and public-nuisance law.Source: Michigan Attorney General press release |
| Feb. 19, 2026 | Tennessee | Court orderKalshi | Judge Trauger granted Kalshi a preliminary injunction against state enforcement, finding the contracts likely swaps and state law likely preempted; the Council itself was dismissed from the case.Source: SBC Americas |
| Feb. 17, 2026 | Massachusetts | Court orderKalshi | Appeals Court Justice Sabita Singh (No. 2026-J-0143) granted Kalshi's motion to stay the injunction pending appeal, without expressing a view on the merits, and expedited the appeal.Source: Bloomberg Law |
| Feb. 17, 2026 | Nevada | State lawsuitKalshi | The Gaming Control Board sued Kalshi in the First Judicial District Court in Carson City, alleging unlicensed wagering.Source: Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com) |
| Feb. 6, 2026 | Massachusetts | Court orderKalshi | Judge Barry-Smith entered the injunction and denied Kalshi's emergency motion to stay it, allowing 30 days for compliance so Kalshi could seek a stay from the Appeals Court.Source: InGame |
| Feb. 5, 2026 | Nevada | Court orderCoinbase | The state court issued a TRO in the Board's case against Coinbase Financial Markets, followed by a preliminary injunction on March 26, 2026.Source: Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com) |
| Jan. 30, 2026 | New York | Regulator guidance | The attorney general issued an industry alert about prediction markets, according to CBS Sports.Source: CBS Sports |
| Jan. 29, 2026 | Nevada | Court orderPolymarket | Judge Jason Woodbury of the Carson City district court issued a 14-day TRO in the Board's case against Blockratize (Polymarket); a preliminary injunction followed and was amended on May 29, 2026.Source: Covers |
| Jan. 27, 2026 | Illinois | Cease-and-desistPolymarket | The Gaming Board sent Polymarket a cease-and-desist letter.Source: Illinois Gaming Board cease-and-desist letters page |
| Jan. 20, 2026 | Massachusetts | Court orderKalshi | Suffolk Superior Court granted the attorney general's preliminary injunction barring Kalshi from offering sports event contracts in Massachusetts without a state license.Source: ZwillGen |
| Jan. 12, 2026 | Tennessee | Court orderKalshi | Judge Aleta Trauger granted Kalshi a temporary restraining order, allowing it to keep offering sports contracts in Tennessee.Source: SBC Americas |
| Jan. 9, 2026 | Tennessee | Cease-and-desistKalshi, Polymarket, Crypto.com | The Sports Wagering Council ordered the three platforms to stop offering sports event contracts to Tennesseans, void pending contracts and refund customer deposits by January 31, 2026. The letters cited tiered fines of $10,000 to $25,000 per violation and possible criminal referral.Source: The Block |
| December 2025 | Arizona | Cease-and-desistPolymarket | Arizona's gaming regulator sent Polymarket a cease-and-desist letter (month only reported).Source: WSN prediction markets legal tracker |
| Dec. 9, 2025 | Washington | Regulator guidance | The Gambling Commission said event-based contract platforms are not authorized in Washington and pointed residents to tribal sportsbooks.Source: Washington State Gambling Commission |
| Dec. 5, 2025 | Louisiana | Regulator guidance | The Gaming Control Board sent an advisory notice to all sports-wagering licensees and platform provider permittees stating its position that offering or facilitating sports event contracts is sports wagering under Louisiana law, even on CFTC-registered exchanges, and that it could affect their licenses.Source: Louisiana Gaming Control Board / SBC Americas |
| Dec. 3, 2025 | Connecticut | Cease-and-desistKalshi, Robinhood, Crypto.com | DCP's Gaming Division ordered the three platforms to stop offering sports event contracts to Connecticut residents and to let residents withdraw funds.Source: Connecticut DCP press release |
| Nov. 24, 2025 | Nevada | Court orderKalshi | The U.S. District Court for Nevada dissolved the preliminary injunction that had shielded Kalshi from state enforcement.Source: Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com) |
| November 2025 | California | Court orderKalshi, Robinhood | Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley denied the tribes' motion for a preliminary injunction (month only reported); the tribes appealed.Source: Action Network prediction market lawsuit tracker |
| Oct. 28, 2025 | Massachusetts | Court orderKalshi | Judge Richard Stearns of the District of Massachusetts (No. 1:25-cv-12595) remanded the case to state court after Kalshi tried to remove it.Source: D. Mass. remand order (via InGame) |
| Oct. 24, 2025 | New York | Cease-and-desistKalshi | The State Gaming Commission ordered Kalshi to stop offering what it called an unlicensed mobile sports wagering platform.Source: S.D.N.Y. opinion and order, KalshiEX v. Williams |
| Oct. 23, 2025 | Arkansas | Regulator guidanceKalshi | AG Opinion 2025-073, requested by Sen. Bryan King, concluded that a Kalshi-style business offering sports event contracts is gambling under Arkansas law and requires a license.Source: Arkansas AG Opinion 2025-073 |
| Oct. 23, 2025 | Illinois | Regulator guidance | IGB memo to licensees said prediction markets offering sports event contracts are gambling under Illinois law and partnering with them can affect license suitability.Source: Illinois Gaming Board memorandum |
| Oct. 8, 2025 | Pennsylvania | Regulator guidance | The Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board sent Congress a letter warning that prediction markets create a backdoor to legalized sports betting (date is the Law360 article date).Source: Law360 |
| Sept. 15, 2025 | Arizona | Regulator guidance | The Department of Gaming sent a notice to its licensed operators about involvement with prediction markets.Source: Arizona Department of Gaming notice (via Mick Bransfield tracker) |
| Sept. 12, 2025 | Maryland | Court orderCrypto.com | The district court stayed Crypto.com's parallel suit (North American Derivatives Exchange v. Martin) until Kalshi's appeal is decided.Source: Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com) |
| Sept. 12, 2025 | Massachusetts | State lawsuitKalshi | The attorney general sued Kalshi in Suffolk Superior Court, alleging it offers sports wagering in Massachusetts without a license.Source: SBC Americas |
| Aug. 20, 2025 | Wisconsin | Tribal actionKalshi, Robinhood | The Ho-Chunk Nation sued Kalshi and Robinhood in the Western District of Wisconsin, alleging that sports event contracts amount to unauthorized Class III gaming on tribal lands, with additional Lanham Act and RICO claims.Source: CoinStats prediction market legal tracker |
| August 2025 | Ohio | Regulator guidance | The OCCC warned licensed sportsbooks that ties to sports event contract trading could put their Ohio licenses at risk.Source: SBC Americas |
| Aug. 1, 2025 | Maryland | Court orderKalshi | Judge Adam B. Abelson of the District of Maryland denied Kalshi's request for a preliminary injunction against state enforcement; Kalshi appealed to the Fourth Circuit.Source: CoinStats Kalshi legal tracker (Maryland) |
| July 22, 2025 | California | Tribal actionKalshi, Robinhood | Three tribes sued Kalshi and Robinhood in the Northern District of California, alleging sports contracts offered on their lands violate IGRA and their compacts.Source: DeFi Rate legal tracker |
| May 21, 2025 | Arizona | Cease-and-desistKalshi | The Arizona Department of Gaming sent KalshiEX and its CEO a cease-and-desist letter saying Kalshi was accepting unlawful wagers.Source: Kalshi/CFTC motion for TRO and PI, D. Ariz. CV-26-01715 (ECF 49) |
| April 28, 2025 | New Jersey | Court orderKalshi | Judge Edward Kiel of the District of New Jersey granted Kalshi a preliminary injunction barring state enforcement of its gambling laws against Kalshi's sports contracts.Source: Third Circuit opinion, KalshiEX v. Flaherty |
| April 7, 2025 | Maryland | Cease-and-desistKalshi | Maryland regulators sent Kalshi a cease-and-desist letter over its sports event contracts.Source: Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com) |
| April 1, 2025 | Illinois | Cease-and-desistKalshi, Crypto.com, Robinhood | The Illinois Gaming Board sent cease-and-desist letters to Kalshi, Crypto.com and Robinhood over unlicensed sports wagering.Source: Illinois Gaming Board cease-and-desist letters page |
| March 26, 2025 | Montana | Cease-and-desistKalshi | The Gambling Control Division's chief legal counsel ordered KalshiEX to stop letting people in Montana trade sports event contracts, citing state gambling and sports-wagering statutes and warning of legal action.Source: Montana DOJ Gambling Control Division letter (via KTVH/Scripps) |
| March 2025 | Ohio | Cease-and-desistKalshi, Robinhood, Crypto.com | The Ohio Casino Control Commission (OCCC) ordered Kalshi, Robinhood and Crypto.com to stop offering sports event contracts in Ohio and to confirm compliance by April 14, 2025.Source: 13 ABC (WTVG) |
| Date not confirmed | New Jersey | Cease-and-desistKalshi | The Division of Gaming Enforcement ordered Kalshi to stop offering sports event contracts in New Jersey, about two months after Kalshi launched them in early 2025.Source: Third Circuit opinion, KalshiEX v. Flaherty |
The full state records, with every action and source, are on the data downloads page.