{ "source": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com", "license": "Free to reuse with a link to predictionmarketlaws.com", "checked": "2026-10-21", "states": [ { "abbr": "AL", "name": "Alabama", "slug": "alabama", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Alabama officials have taken no enforcement action against prediction markets; only private class actions against Kalshi have been filed there.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter, state lawsuit, or prediction-market bill from Alabama was found. Alabama's attorney general has joined multistate filings arguing that states, not the CFTC, should govern sports event contracts. Private plaintiffs have filed class actions in Alabama claiming Kalshi runs unlawful sports wagering; these are not state actions. Alabama has no legal sports betting.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "No legal sports betting; LSR lists Alabama among states without it.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Alabama Attorney General's Office", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.alabamaag.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Alabama attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Alabama attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Willis v. Kalshi Inc. et al. (private class action)", "court": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Ala.; remanded to state court", "docket": "3:26-cv-00722" }, { "caption": "Jennings v. Kalshi Inc. et al. (private class action)", "court": "U.S. District Court in Alabama (district not confirmed)", "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/alabama" }, { "abbr": "AK", "name": "Alaska", "slug": "alaska", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Alaska has taken no public enforcement or legislative action on prediction markets.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter, lawsuit, or prediction-market bill from Alaska was found. Alaska's attorney general has signed multistate filings arguing that states should keep authority over sports event contracts. Alaska has no legal sports betting.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "No legal sports betting; LSR lists Alaska among states without it.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Alaska Department of Law", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://law.alaska.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Alaska attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Alaska attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/alaska" }, { "abbr": "AZ", "name": "Arizona", "slug": "arizona", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "A federal injunction bars Arizona from prosecuting Kalshi; Arizona has asked the Ninth Circuit to lift it for sports contracts.", "summary": "Arizona's Department of Gaming sent Kalshi a cease-and-desist letter in May 2025, and Attorney General Kris Mayes filed 20 misdemeanor counts against two Kalshi entities in March 2026. Judge Michael Liburdi turned down Kalshi's own request for an injunction in April 2026, but after the CFTC and the Justice Department sued, he issued a preliminary injunction on May 5, 2026, barring Arizona from enforcing its gambling and election-wagering laws against CFTC-registered exchanges; the criminal case is on hold. Citing the Ninth Circuit's August 2026 ruling for Nevada, Arizona asked that court in September to vacate the injunction as to sports contracts. The CFTC has said the injunction's reasoning cannot stand after the Nevada ruling but asked the court to wait for a decision on Kalshi's request for en banc rehearing; no ruling had been reported as of October 21, 2026.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Mobile and retail sports betting is legal and regulated by the Arizona Department of Gaming.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Arizona Department of Gaming", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://gaming.az.gov/" }, { "name": "Arizona Attorney General's Office", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.azag.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-05-21", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Arizona Department of Gaming sent KalshiEX and its CEO a cease-and-desist letter saying Kalshi was accepting unlawful wagers.", "source_name": "Kalshi/CFTC motion for TRO and PI, D. Ariz. CV-26-01715 (ECF 49)", "source_url": "https://www.ingame.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/gov.uscourts.azd_.1483385.49.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-09-15", "type": "regulator_guidance", "platforms": [], "description": "The Department of Gaming sent a notice to its licensed operators about involvement with prediction markets.", "source_name": "Arizona Department of Gaming notice (via Mick Bransfield tracker)", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-09-15_Notice_Letter_to_Operators.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-12", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Polymarket" ], "description": "Arizona's gaming regulator sent Polymarket a cease-and-desist letter (month only reported).", "source_name": "WSN prediction markets legal tracker", "source_url": "https://www.wsn.com/prediction-markets/legal/" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Underdog" ], "description": "The Department of Gaming notified Underdog that it intended to revoke its fantasy sports contest operator license.", "source_name": "Arizona Department of Gaming notice (via Mick Bransfield tracker)", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-12-05_Underdog_Notice_of_Violation_and_Intent_to_Revoke.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-03", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi sued Arizona gaming officials and the attorney general in federal court (KalshiEX LLC v. Johnson), arguing federal law preempts state gambling law.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/04/13/judge-halt-arizona-criminal-case-kalshi/" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "type": "criminal_charges", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The attorney general filed a 20-count misdemeanor criminal information in Maricopa County Superior Court against KalshiEX LLC and Kalshi Trading LLC, covering sports and election contracts.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/04/13/judge-halt-arizona-criminal-case-kalshi/" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The United States and the CFTC sued Arizona in federal court, arguing the Commodity Exchange Act preempts state enforcement against CFTC-registered exchanges.", "source_name": "Action Network prediction market lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://www.actionnetwork.com/education/tracking-prediction-market-lawsuits" }, { "date": "2026-04-08", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Liburdi denied Kalshi's own motion for a TRO and preliminary injunction, relying mainly on the Anti-Injunction Act; Kalshi appealed in May (9th Cir. No. 26-2978), and that appeal is stayed.", "source_name": "InGame", "source_url": "https://www.ingame.com/?p=47418" }, { "date": "2026-04-10", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Michael Liburdi issued a temporary restraining order halting Arizona's enforcement against Kalshi; the scheduled arraignment was called off.", "source_name": "Courthouse News (AP)", "source_url": "https://courthousenews.com/judge-bars-arizona-from-regulating-prediction-market-operators-and-pauses-prosecution-of-kalshi/" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Arizona attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The court granted the federal government a preliminary injunction barring Arizona's criminal and civil enforcement of its gambling and election-betting laws against event contracts on CFTC-registered exchanges.", "source_name": "Arizona status report, 9th Cir. No. 26-4281 (Sept. 4, 2026)", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cftcvjohnsonpivacationrequest.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Arizona attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Crypto.com" ], "description": "The Ninth Circuit stayed Arizona's appeal of the injunction (No. 26-4281), in which Kalshi and Crypto.com's exchange (NADEX) are appellees or intervenors, until it decided the related Nevada appeals.", "source_name": "Justia docket, 9th Cir. No. 26-4281", "source_url": "https://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca9/26-4281" }, { "date": "2026-09-04", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "After the Ninth Circuit's Aug. 28 ruling for Nevada, Arizona told the court it would seek summary vacatur of the injunction as to sports contracts and a remand on election contracts.", "source_name": "Arizona status report, 9th Cir. No. 26-4281", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/cftcvjohnsonpivacationrequest.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Arizona moved in the Ninth Circuit to summarily vacate the injunction as to sports-event contracts and remand the election-contract issues; no ruling had been reported.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate legal tracker (snapshot)", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/snapshot/2026-09-22T2340/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "State of Arizona v. KalshiEX LLC; State of Arizona v. Kalshi Trading LLC", "court": "Maricopa County Superior Court", "docket": "CR2026-000173-001; CR2026-000173-002" }, { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Johnson", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Ariz.", "docket": "2:26-cv-01715-MTL" }, { "caption": "United States and CFTC v. State of Arizona", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Ariz.", "docket": "2:26-cv-02246" }, { "caption": "Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Johnson (appeal of preliminary injunction)", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit", "docket": "26-4281" }, { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Johnson (Kalshi's appeal of the denial of its own injunction request)", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit", "docket": "26-2978" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/arizona" }, { "abbr": "AR", "name": "Arkansas", "slug": "arkansas", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Arkansas's attorney general issued a non-binding opinion that Kalshi-style sports contracts need a gaming license, but no enforcement has followed.", "summary": "In October 2025, Attorney General Tim Griffin answered a state senator's request with Opinion 2025-073, concluding that offering sports event contracts without an Arkansas gaming license fits the state's definition of gambling. AG opinions are advisory and do not bind courts, and no cease-and-desist letter, lawsuit, or prediction-market bill was found. Arkansas's attorney general has also joined multistate filings defending state authority over sports event contracts.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting through the state's licensed casinos.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Office of the Attorney General, State of Arkansas", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://arkansasag.gov/" }, { "name": "Arkansas Racing Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/racing-commission/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-10-23", "type": "regulator_guidance", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "AG Opinion 2025-073, requested by Sen. Bryan King, concluded that a Kalshi-style business offering sports event contracts is gambling under Arkansas law and requires a license.", "source_name": "Arkansas AG Opinion 2025-073", "source_url": "https://resources.sbcamericas.com/sbcamericas/2025/10/2025-073.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Arkansas attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Arkansas attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/arkansas" }, { "abbr": "CA", "name": "California", "slug": "california", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "California has not acted against prediction markets, but the Ninth Circuit held that two tribes are likely to show Kalshi's sports contracts on their land violate federal Indian gaming law.", "summary": "California officials have not sent cease-and-desist letters or sued a prediction market, and three 2026 Assembly bills touching prediction markets did not pass. In a suit by Blue Lake Rancheria and Chicken Ranch Rancheria, the Ninth Circuit held on September 16, 2026, that the tribes are likely to show Kalshi's sports contracts on tribal land violate the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act. It sent the case back to the district court to weigh the remaining injunction factors. Attorney General Rob Bonta has joined multistate filings defending state authority over sports event contracts.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "No legal sports betting; LSR lists California among states without it.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "California Attorney General (Department of Justice)", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/" }, { "name": "California Gambling Control Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.cgcc.ca.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-07-22", "type": "tribal_action", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Robinhood" ], "description": "Three tribes sued Kalshi and Robinhood in the Northern District of California, alleging sports contracts offered on their lands violate IGRA and their compacts.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate legal tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" }, { "date": "2025-11", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Robinhood" ], "description": "Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley denied the tribes' motion for a preliminary injunction (month only reported); the tribes appealed.", "source_name": "Action Network prediction market lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://www.actionnetwork.com/education/tracking-prediction-market-lawsuits" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The California attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Attorney General Bonta joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Robinhood" ], "description": "A unanimous Ninth Circuit panel (No. 25-7504; Judges Murguia, McKeown and Paez) reversed the denial of a preliminary injunction on the IGRA claim, finding the tribes likely to succeed, and remanded for the other injunction factors without itself ordering an injunction; it affirmed dismissal of the tribes' Lanham Act claim.", "source_name": "InGame", "source_url": "https://www.ingame.com/ninth-circuit-kalshi-injunction-denial-overturned/" }, { "date": "2026-10-08", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Robinhood" ], "description": "The Ninth Circuit's mandate was entered in the district court, which set a case-management conference for October 21, 2026.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate legal tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "AB 1840", "title": "Political Reform Act of 1974: prediction markets", "status": "failed", "date": null, "description": "Would have barred certain officials, employees and lobbyists from trading on prediction markets using material nonpublic information.", "source_url": "https://ncsl.org/financial-services/prediction-markets-2026-state-legislation" }, { "id": "AB 2446", "title": "Attorney General: investigations: prediction markets", "status": "failed", "date": null, "description": "Would have required the attorney general to investigate large prediction-market payouts tied to national security events.", "source_url": "https://ncsl.org/financial-services/prediction-markets-2026-state-legislation" }, { "id": "AB 2617", "title": "Protecting Kids from Online Gambling Act", "status": "failed", "date": null, "description": "Would have barred offering online gambling or prediction-market wagering to minors, with civil penalties.", "source_url": "https://ncsl.org/financial-services/prediction-markets-2026-state-legislation" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Blue Lake Rancheria et al. v. KalshiEX LLC et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Cal.; Ninth Circuit No. 25-7504", "docket": "3:25-cv-06162" }, { "caption": "James v. Kalshi, Inc. et al. (private class action)", "court": "U.S. District Court, S.D. Cal.", "docket": "3:26-cv-03556" }, { "caption": "Chehal et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al. (private class action, consolidated)", "court": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Cal.", "docket": "3:26-cv-03415" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/california" }, { "abbr": "CO", "name": "Colorado", "slug": "colorado", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Colorado regulators are monitoring prediction-market litigation but have taken no enforcement action; the attorney general has urged federal limits.", "summary": "No Colorado cease-and-desist letter, lawsuit, or prediction-market bill was found. The Division of Gaming told reporters in May 2026 that it is monitoring the court cases involving Kalshi and declined further comment. Attorney General Phil Weiser joined a 41-attorney-general comment letter asking the CFTC to recognize state authority over sports event contracts, and Colorado joined a 37-state Sixth Circuit amicus brief.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting regulated by the Colorado Division of Gaming.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Colorado Department of Revenue, Specialized Business Group (Division of Gaming)", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://sbg.colorado.gov/" }, { "name": "Colorado Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://coag.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "AG Phil Weiser joined 40 other attorneys general in a CFTC comment letter asking the agency to confirm it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Colorado attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/colorado" }, { "abbr": "CT", "name": "Connecticut", "slug": "connecticut", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "Connecticut is suing Kalshi, has ordered nine other platforms to stop sports contracts, and won a federal ruling Kalshi is appealing.", "summary": "Connecticut's Department of Consumer Protection ordered Kalshi, Robinhood and Crypto.com to stop offering sports event contracts in December 2025, and Kalshi, Coinbase and later Underdog sued the state in federal court. In August 2026, U.S. District Judge Vernon D. Oliver denied Kalshi a preliminary injunction, and Kalshi appealed to the Second Circuit; a joint argument with Coinbase's appeal is reported for November 3, 2026. The state then sued Kalshi in Hartford Superior Court (since removed to federal court) and on September 10 issued cease-and-desist orders to nine more platforms plus about 30 subpoenas. A separate federal suit by the United States and the CFTC challenging Connecticut's enforcement has a pending preliminary-injunction motion.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting; licensed operators are DraftKings (Foxwoods), FanDuel (Mohegan Sun) and Fanatics (CT Lottery).", "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dcp/news-releases-from-the-department-of-consumer-protection/2025-news-releases/connecticut-consumer-protection-orders-cease-and-desist-conducting-unlicensed-online-gambling" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection, Gaming Division", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dcp" }, { "name": "Connecticut Office of the Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/ag" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-12", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi sued Connecticut regulators in federal court (KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli), arguing only the CFTC can regulate its contracts (month only confirmed).", "source_name": "Action Network prediction market lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://www.actionnetwork.com/education/tracking-prediction-market-lawsuits" }, { "date": "2025-12", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Coinbase" ], "description": "Coinbase sued Connecticut officials in federal court (Coinbase Financial Markets v. Tong) (month only confirmed).", "source_name": "Action Network prediction market lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://www.actionnetwork.com/education/tracking-prediction-market-lawsuits" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Robinhood", "Crypto.com" ], "description": "DCP's Gaming Division ordered the three platforms to stop offering sports event contracts to Connecticut residents and to let residents withdraw funds.", "source_name": "Connecticut DCP press release", "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dcp/news-releases-from-the-department-of-consumer-protection/2025-news-releases/connecticut-consumer-protection-orders-cease-and-desist-conducting-unlicensed-online-gambling" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Crypto.com", "Robinhood" ], "description": "The United States and the CFTC sued Connecticut in federal court, arguing federal law preempts its enforcement against CFTC-registered exchanges.", "source_name": "Vultax lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-lawsuit-tracker" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Connecticut attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-05", "type": "legislation", "platforms": [], "description": "Gov. Ned Lamont signed HB 5229, a gaming bill that includes a state study of prediction markets due by February 2027 (month only reported).", "source_name": "The Lines", "source_url": "https://www.thelines.com/prediction-markets/industry-news/connecticut-wins-latest-battle-against-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Vernon D. Oliver denied Kalshi's motion for a preliminary injunction, finding its sports contracts are not swaps protected by federal law; Kalshi appealed.", "source_name": "Vultax lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-lawsuit-tracker" }, { "date": "2026-08-15", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The court also denied Kalshi's emergency motion for an injunction pending appeal.", "source_name": "Public Gaming Research Institute", "source_url": "https://publicgaming.com/news-categories-m/legal/16289-connecticut-judge-says-cftc-cannot-override-court-denies-kalshi-injunction" }, { "date": "2026-08-26", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "AG William Tong and DCP sued Kalshi in Hartford Superior Court seeking to stop its sports contracts plus restitution and civil penalties; the court denied an ex parte TRO that day, and Kalshi later removed the case to federal court.", "source_name": "InGame", "source_url": "https://www.ingame.com/?p=53306" }, { "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Polymarket", "Coinbase", "Crypto.com", "Robinhood", "Novig", "Webull", "Gemini", "Underdog", "other" ], "description": "DCP ordered nine platforms (including ProphetX) to stop offering sports event contracts and issued about 30 subpoenas to vendors, payment firms, app stores and media outlets.", "source_name": "Office of Gov. Ned Lamont press release", "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/governor/news/press-releases/2026/09-2026/governor-lamont-announces-new-actions-against-illegal-prediction-markets-offering-sports-wagers" }, { "date": "2026-09-11", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The United States and the CFTC moved for a preliminary injunction against Connecticut's enforcement; Robinhood moved to intervene.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate legal tracker (snapshot)", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/snapshot/2026-09-22T2340/" }, { "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Underdog" ], "description": "Underdog sued Connecticut officials over the state's cease-and-desist order.", "source_name": "Mick Bransfield litigation tracker", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/2025/08/11/summary-of-legal-actions-involving-kalshis-sports-event-contracts/" }, { "date": "2026-10-05", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Gemini", "Webull", "other" ], "description": "DCP said three platforms, Gemini, Webull and ProphetX, had stopped offering sports contracts in Connecticut after the September orders; ProphetX's exit is disputed.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate legal tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "HB 5229", "title": "An Act Concerning Gaming", "status": "enacted", "date": null, "description": "Gaming bill that, among other changes, directs DCP, the attorney general, the CT Lottery and tribal operators to study prediction markets, with results expected by February 2027.", "source_url": "https://www.publicgaming.com/news-categories-m/politics/15837-connecticut-lawmakers-approve-new-betting-rules-and-prediction-market-review" }, { "id": "HB 5038", "title": "Prediction market platforms (under-21 restrictions)", "status": "failed", "date": null, "description": "Governor's bill to bar prediction market platforms from serving or advertising to people under 21; not passed before adjournment.", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/2026/02/28/prediction-market-2026-legislation-tracker/" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Conn.; Second Circuit No. 26-2239", "docket": "3:25-cv-02016" }, { "caption": "Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Tong", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Conn.; Second Circuit No. 26-2297", "docket": "3:25-cv-02121" }, { "caption": "United States and CFTC v. State of Connecticut", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Conn.", "docket": "3:26-cv-00498-VDO" }, { "caption": "State of Connecticut v. KalshiEX LLC", "court": "Hartford Superior Court; removed to U.S. District Court, D. Conn.", "docket": "HHD-CV26-6218594-S; 3:26-cv-01382" }, { "caption": "Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. v. Tong", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Conn.", "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/connecticut" }, { "abbr": "DE", "name": "Delaware", "slug": "delaware", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Delaware has taken no public action on prediction markets; the Third Circuit's pro-Kalshi ruling, now before the Supreme Court, governs there.", "summary": "No Delaware cease-and-desist letter, state lawsuit, or prediction-market bill was found. Delaware is in the Third Circuit, which ruled for Kalshi against New Jersey in April 2026; New Jersey's Supreme Court petition (No. 26-299) is pending. Delaware's attorney general has joined multistate filings defending state authority over sports event contracts. A private suit against Underdog was reported filed in August 2026.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting, run through the Delaware Lottery.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Delaware State Lottery", "role": "lottery", "url": "https://www.delottery.com/" }, { "name": "Delaware Department of Justice", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://attorneygeneral.delaware.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Delaware attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Delaware attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Flaherty (New Jersey case; binding Third Circuit precedent)", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit", "docket": "25-1922" }, { "caption": "Flaherty v. KalshiEX LLC (cert. petition)", "court": "U.S. Supreme Court", "docket": "26-299" }, { "caption": "Aristotle v. Underdog (private suit)", "court": null, "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/delaware" }, { "abbr": "DC", "name": "District of Columbia", "slug": "district-of-columbia", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "D.C. has not acted against prediction markets locally but joined state amicus briefs urging Supreme Court review of the Kalshi preemption fight.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter, D.C. government lawsuit, or prediction-market legislation was found for the District. D.C.'s attorney general signed the 41-attorney-general comment letter to the CFTC and joined Ohio's October 2026 Supreme Court amicus brief backing New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX. Consumer class actions against Polymarket have been filed in D.C. Superior Court.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting is legal in the District.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "D.C. Office of Lottery and Gaming", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://olg.dc.gov/" }, { "name": "Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://oag.dc.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The D.C. attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The District joined an amicus brief led by Ohio, with 38 other states, urging the Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX LLC.", "source_name": "U.S. Supreme Court docket No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/26-299.html" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "National Association of Consumer Advocates v. Adventure One QSS, Inc. (Polymarket; private)", "court": "D.C. Superior Court", "docket": "2026-CAB-004388" }, { "caption": "Moeller v. Blockratize Inc. (Polymarket; private class action)", "court": "D.C. Superior Court; removed to U.S. District Court, D.D.C.", "docket": "2026-CAB-004615; 1:26-cv-03083" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/district-of-columbia" }, { "abbr": "FL", "name": "Florida", "slug": "florida", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Florida officials have not acted against prediction markets, but the Seminole Tribe sued DraftKings over its sports contracts in October 2026.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter, state lawsuit, or prediction-market bill from Florida officials was found, and Florida's attorney general was not among the signers of the April 2026 CFTC comment letter or the June 2026 Sixth Circuit amicus brief. On October 8, 2026, the Seminole Tribe sued DraftKings, its CEO and DraftKings Predictions in Broward County circuit court. The tribe claims the sports event contracts violate its exclusive 2021 gaming compact. A private class action against Crypto.com was also filed in Florida in February 2026.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting, offered through the Seminole Tribe under its 2021 compact.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Florida Gaming Control Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://flgaming.gov/" }, { "name": "Office of the Attorney General, State of Florida", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.myfloridalegal.com/" }, { "name": "Seminole Tribe of Florida", "role": "tribal gaming", "url": "https://www.semtribe.com/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-10-08", "type": "tribal_action", "platforms": [ "DraftKings Predictions" ], "description": "The Seminole Tribe sued DraftKings, its CEO and DraftKings Predictions in Broward County circuit court, seeking an injunction and disgorgement over sports contracts and the Pick6 game.", "source_name": "WSN prediction markets legal tracker", "source_url": "https://www.wsn.com/prediction-markets/legal/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Seminole Tribe of Florida v. DraftKings", "court": "Broward County Circuit Court", "docket": null }, { "caption": "Keohohou v. Crypto.com (private class action)", "court": null, "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/florida" }, { "abbr": "GA", "name": "Georgia", "slug": "georgia", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Georgia officials have taken no action on prediction markets; private class actions and gambling-loss recovery suits against Kalshi are pending.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter, state lawsuit, or enacted prediction-market law was found for Georgia, and its attorney general was not among the signers of the April 2026 CFTC comment letter, the June 2026 Sixth Circuit amicus brief, or the July 2026 44-attorney-general letter to the CFTC. A 2026 bill requiring age verification for online gambling content, S 571, did not pass. Private plaintiffs have sued Kalshi in federal court in Georgia, including a class action and gambling-loss recovery suits under an old 'Statute of Anne' theory. Those recovery suits are stayed.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "No legal sports betting; LSR lists Georgia among states without it.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Georgia Office of the Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://law.georgia.gov/" } ], "actions": [], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "S 571", "title": "Online internet safety (age verification for online gambling content)", "status": "failed", "date": null, "description": "Would have required age verification for online gambling content, with AG enforcement; failed at adjournment.", "source_url": "https://ncsl.org/financial-services/prediction-markets-2026-state-legislation" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Kaiserman v. KalshiEX LLC et al. (private class action)", "court": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Ga.", "docket": "1:26-cv-01525" }, { "caption": "Georgia Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al. (private; stayed)", "court": "U.S. District Court, M.D. Ga.", "docket": "4:25-cv-00310; 4:25-cv-00311" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/georgia" }, { "abbr": "HI", "name": "Hawaii", "slug": "hawaii", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Hawaii has taken no enforcement action on prediction markets; a 2026 bill to treat them as gambling failed.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter or state lawsuit from Hawaii was found. HB 2198, which would have added certain prediction markets to the state's definition of gambling, did not pass in 2026. Hawaii's attorney general has joined multistate filings defending state authority over sports event contracts, and a private class action against Kalshi was filed in October 2026.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "No legal sports betting; LSR lists Hawaii among states without it.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Department of the Attorney General, State of Hawaii", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://ag.hawaii.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Hawaii attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Hawaii attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "HB 2198", "title": "Relating to prediction markets", "status": "failed", "date": null, "description": "Would have added prediction markets on specified event topics to the statutory definition of gambling; failed at adjournment.", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=2198&year=2026" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Farias v. Kalshi Inc. (private class action)", "court": null, "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/hawaii" }, { "abbr": "ID", "name": "Idaho", "slug": "idaho", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Idaho has taken no public enforcement or legislative action on prediction markets.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter, lawsuit, or prediction-market bill from Idaho was found. Idaho's attorney general has joined multistate filings arguing that states should keep authority over sports event contracts. Idaho has no legal sports betting.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "No legal sports betting; LSR lists Idaho among states without it.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Idaho Office of the Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.ag.idaho.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Idaho attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Idaho attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/idaho" }, { "abbr": "IL", "name": "Illinois", "slug": "illinois", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "A federal judge partly blocked Illinois from applying its sports-wagering license and criminal laws to Kalshi and Coinbase; fee questions remain open.", "summary": "The Illinois Gaming Board sent cease-and-desist letters to Kalshi, Crypto.com and Robinhood in April 2025 and to Polymarket in January 2026, and warned licensees about prediction-market ties. Coinbase, the United States with the CFTC, and Kalshi each sued Illinois officials in federal court. On October 2, 2026, Judge Martha M. Pacold partly granted preliminary injunctions, finding the championship-winner contracts at issue likely swaps and Illinois's licensing and related criminal provisions likely preempted. She held over the challenge to the exchange-wager fees Illinois adopted in SB 3019 (1.75% to 3.5% per wager) for more briefing, and the parties were told to file a proposed injunction by October 29.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting regulated by the Illinois Gaming Board.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Illinois Gaming Board", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://igb.illinois.gov/" }, { "name": "Office of the Illinois Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-04-01", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Crypto.com", "Robinhood" ], "description": "The Illinois Gaming Board sent cease-and-desist letters to Kalshi, Crypto.com and Robinhood over unlicensed sports wagering.", "source_name": "Illinois Gaming Board cease-and-desist letters page", "source_url": "https://igb.illinois.gov/sports-wagering/cease-and-desist-letters.html" }, { "date": "2025-10-23", "type": "regulator_guidance", "platforms": [], "description": "IGB memo to licensees said prediction markets offering sports event contracts are gambling under Illinois law and partnering with them can affect license suitability.", "source_name": "Illinois Gaming Board memorandum", "source_url": "https://igb.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/igb/documents/press-releases/additional-news/20251023-igb-memorandum-on-prediction-markets.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-12", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Coinbase" ], "description": "Coinbase sued Illinois officials in federal court (Coinbase Financial Markets v. Raoul) (month only confirmed).", "source_name": "DeFi Rate", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/news/federal-judge-grants-kalshi-coinbase-partial-injunctions/" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Polymarket" ], "description": "The Gaming Board sent Polymarket a cease-and-desist letter.", "source_name": "Illinois Gaming Board cease-and-desist letters page", "source_url": "https://igb.illinois.gov/sports-wagering/cease-and-desist-letters.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Crypto.com", "Polymarket US", "Robinhood" ], "description": "The United States and the CFTC sued Illinois in federal court, arguing federal law preempts state enforcement against CFTC-registered exchanges.", "source_name": "Vultax lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://vultax.com/research/prediction-market-lawsuit-tracker" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Illinois attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "type": "legislation", "platforms": [], "description": "The legislature passed SB 3019, a budget revenue bill that taxes 'exchange wagers' on prediction markets at 1.75%, rising to 3.5% after five million wagers a year.", "source_name": "Taft law bulletin", "source_url": "https://www.taftlaw.com/news-events/law-bulletins/illinois-gaming-update-senate-bill-3019" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Illinois attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" }, { "date": "2026-10-02", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Coinbase", "Crypto.com" ], "description": "Judge Pacold granted in part the injunction motions in the Coinbase, CFTC and Kalshi cases, finding Illinois's licensing and related criminal provisions likely preempted as to the contracts at issue; the fee challenge was continued for more briefing.", "source_name": "N.D. Ill. Memorandum Opinion and Order, No. 1:26-cv-03659, Dkt. 99", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ilnd.498112/gov.uscourts.ilnd.498112.99.0.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "SB 3019", "title": "FY2027 revenue package (Sports Wagering Act amendments on exchange wagers)", "status": "enacted", "date": null, "description": "Brings prediction-market 'exchange wagers' on sporting events under the Sports Wagering Act and imposes a 1.75%-3.5% per-wager transaction tax.", "source_url": "https://www.taftlaw.com/news-events/law-bulletins/illinois-gaming-update-senate-bill-3019" }, { "id": "HB 5059", "title": "Oracle Act", "status": "pending", "date": null, "description": "Would create prediction market oversight, bar under-21 participation, and require responsible-gaming measures.", "source_url": "https://ncsl.org/financial-services/prediction-markets-2026-state-legislation" }, { "id": "HB 5142", "title": "Sports Wagering Act amendment (prediction markets)", "status": "pending", "date": null, "description": "Would extend sports wagering rules to prediction market participation on sports events and athlete statistics.", "source_url": "https://ncsl.org/financial-services/prediction-markets-2026-state-legislation" }, { "id": "SB 4168", "title": "Prediction Markets Regulation and Taxation Act", "status": "pending", "date": null, "description": "Would require a master prediction market license from the Gaming Board to offer qualifying contracts to residents.", "source_url": "https://ncsl.org/financial-services/prediction-markets-2026-state-legislation" }, { "id": "HB 5811", "title": "Sports Wagering Act amendment (repeal exchange-wager tax)", "status": "pending", "date": null, "description": "Would repeal the exchange-wager transaction tax enacted in SB 3019.", "source_url": "https://ncsl.org/financial-services/prediction-markets-2026-state-legislation" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Raoul", "court": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Ill.", "docket": "1:25-cv-15406" }, { "caption": "United States and CFTC v. State of Illinois", "court": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Ill.", "docket": "1:26-cv-03659" }, { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Raoul", "court": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Ill.", "docket": "1:26-cv-07363" }, { "caption": "State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery v. KalshiEX LLC (private qui tam)", "court": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Ill.", "docket": "1:25-cv-14184" }, { "caption": "State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery v. North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. (private qui tam)", "court": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Ill.", "docket": "1:25-cv-10815" }, { "caption": "Illinois Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. (private; remanded to Cook County)", "court": "Circuit Court of Cook County", "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/illinois" }, { "abbr": "IN", "name": "Indiana", "slug": "indiana", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Indiana has taken no public enforcement or legislative action on prediction markets.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter, lawsuit, or prediction-market bill from Indiana was found, and the Indiana Gaming Commission site has no prediction-market notices. Indiana's attorney general has joined multistate filings arguing that states should keep authority over sports event contracts.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting regulated by the Indiana Gaming Commission.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Indiana Gaming Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.in.gov/igc/" }, { "name": "Indiana Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.in.gov/attorneygeneral/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Indiana attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Indiana attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/indiana" }, { "abbr": "IA", "name": "Iowa", "slug": "iowa", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "A federal judge refused to block Iowa from enforcing its gambling laws against Kalshi; Kalshi has appealed to the Eighth Circuit.", "summary": "Kalshi sued Iowa Attorney General Brenna Bird and Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission officials in March 2026, after officials would not rule out enforcement. The suit challenges state gambling law and Iowa's ban on election betting. On September 8, 2026, U.S. District Judge Stephen Locher of the Southern District of Iowa denied Kalshi's request for a preliminary injunction, and Kalshi appealed to the Eighth Circuit (No. 26-2874), where its opening brief is due November 6. Iowa has not filed its own enforcement action. Several 2026 bills to permit and tax event contracts did not pass.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting regulated by the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://irgc.iowa.gov/" }, { "name": "State of Iowa Office of the Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-03-11", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi sued Iowa's attorney general and gaming regulators in the Southern District of Iowa, arguing federal law preempts state gambling and election-betting laws.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate legal tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Iowa attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Iowa attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Stephen Locher denied Kalshi's preliminary-injunction motion, finding Kalshi unlikely to show its sports contracts are swaps, which leaves Iowa free to enforce its gaming laws while the case continues.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/09/09/kalshi-loses-iowa-injunction-request/" }, { "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi filed an interlocutory notice of appeal; the Eighth Circuit docketed it on Sept. 17 as No. 26-2874 and set Kalshi's opening brief for Nov. 6, 2026.", "source_name": "Justia docket, 8th Cir. No. 26-2874", "source_url": "https://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca8/26-2874" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "SF 2470 (formerly SF 2085)", "title": "Event-driven contracts", "status": "failed", "date": null, "description": "Would have required a permit for event-driven contracts and taxed adjusted revenue; failed at adjournment.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ba=SF%202470&ga=91" }, { "id": "SF 2494", "title": "Designated contract markets", "status": "failed", "date": null, "description": "Would have regulated designated contract markets and set penalties; failed at adjournment.", "source_url": "https://ncsl.org/financial-services/prediction-markets-2026-state-legislation" }, { "id": "SSB 3195", "title": "Designated contract markets", "status": "failed", "date": null, "description": "Senate study bill to regulate designated contract markets; failed at adjournment.", "source_url": "https://ncsl.org/financial-services/prediction-markets-2026-state-legislation" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Bird", "court": "U.S. District Court, S.D. Iowa; Eighth Circuit No. 26-2874", "docket": "4:26-cv-00109" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/iowa" }, { "abbr": "KS", "name": "Kansas", "slug": "kansas", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Kansas regulators have said they are monitoring prediction-market litigation but have taken no enforcement or legislative action.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter, lawsuit, or prediction-market bill from Kansas was found. In April 2025 the Kansas Racing and Gaming Commission was reported to be monitoring the Kalshi litigation and considering involvement. Kansas's attorney general has joined multistate filings arguing that states should keep authority over sports event contracts.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting is legal.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Kansas Racing and Gaming Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://krgc.kansas.gov/" }, { "name": "Office of the Kansas Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.ag.ks.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-04-03", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Kansas Racing and Gaming Commission was reported to be watching the Kalshi lawsuits and said it may get involved; no action followed.", "source_name": "EGR North America", "source_url": "https://www.egr.global/northamerica/news/kansas-regulator-may-get-involved-in-prediction-markets-crackdown/" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The Kansas attorney general was one of 41 attorneys general on a comment letter asking the CFTC to confirm in rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related event contracts.", "source_name": "Colorado Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/weiser-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-related-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Kansas attorney general joined a 37-state amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit (KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler) supporting Ohio's authority to apply its gaming laws to Kalshi.", "source_name": "California Attorney General (coalition press release)", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-joins-bipartisan-coalition-defending-state-gambling-laws" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/kansas" }, { "abbr": "KY", "name": "Kentucky", "slug": "kentucky", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "Kentucky's attorney general is suing Kalshi and Polymarket's U.S. exchange, operators are challenging a new 14.25% prediction-market tax, and the CFTC is suing Kentucky; no court order restricts any platform.", "summary": "Attorney General Russell Coleman filed separate Franklin Circuit Court suits on June 17, 2026 against Kalshi and against QCX LLC, the exchange behind Polymarket US, alleging unlicensed sports betting. Both were removed to federal court, and the state is seeking remand; on Oct. 14, 2026 a magistrate judge recommended sending the Polymarket case back to state court. Earlier, the legislature overrode the governor's veto of HB 757, which imposes a 14.25% tax on prediction market operators' transaction fees from Jan. 1, 2027, and a coalition including Kalshi, Crypto.com and Polymarket sued in state court on June 12, 2026 to block it. On June 23, 2026 the CFTC sued Kentucky over its enforcement suits and the new levy. That case has no merits ruling; an October argument was canceled and supplemental briefs are due Oct. 23, 2026.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail and mobile sports betting launched Sept. 28, 2023.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Kentucky Horse Racing and Gaming Corporation", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://khrgc.ky.gov/" }, { "name": "Kentucky Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.ag.ky.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Crypto.com", "Polymarket" ], "description": "A coalition including Kalshi, Crypto.com and Polymarket sued in state court to block the 14.25% prediction-market tax, calling it discriminatory and preempted.", "source_name": "KTAR (AP)", "source_url": "https://ktar.com/national-news/a-coalition-sues-to-block-kentuckys-new-14-25-prediction-markets-tax/5879410/" }, { "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket US" ], "description": "The attorney general filed separate Franklin Circuit Court suits against KalshiEX LLC and others (No. 26-CI-00689) and QCX LLC and others (No. 26-CI-00696), alleging unlicensed sports betting.", "source_name": "The Block", "source_url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/405185/kentucky-lawsuit-kalshi-polymarket" }, { "date": "2026-06-18", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Polymarket US" ], "description": "Polymarket removed the Commonwealth's QCX case to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky (No. 3:26-cv-00047); Kalshi removed its case in June as well (No. 3:26-cv-00048).", "source_name": "DeFi Rate prediction market lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The United States and the CFTC sued Kentucky in federal court, arguing that state enforcement suits against CFTC-registered exchanges and a new state fee on them are preempted.", "source_name": "CFTC press release 9260-26", "source_url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9260-26" }, { "date": "2026-08-31", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kentucky filed its reply supporting remand of the Kalshi case to state court before Judge Robert E. Wier (E.D. Ky. No. 3:26-cv-00048); no ruling was found.", "source_name": "Kentucky reply brief (via InGame)", "source_url": "https://www.ingame.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/KY-Reply-to-Remand-Motion-8.31.26.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-10-05", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "Judge S. Chad Meredith canceled the Oct. 9, 2026 argument in the CFTC case and ordered supplemental briefs, due Oct. 23, 2026, on the Sixth Circuit's Schuler decision and pending CFTC rulemaking.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate tracker sources page", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/sources/" }, { "date": "2026-10-14", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Polymarket US" ], "description": "Magistrate Judge Edward B. Atkins recommended granting Kentucky's motion to send its QCX case back to state court; the district judge has not yet ruled.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate tracker sources page", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/sources/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "HB 757 (2026), amended by HB 869", "title": "Excise tax on prediction market operators", "status": "enacted", "date": "2026-04", "description": "Imposes a 14.25% excise tax on prediction market operators' transaction fees, including amounts consumers pay for event contracts, effective Jan. 1, 2027; enacted over the governor's veto and challenged in court by operators and the CFTC.", "source_url": "https://fbtgibbons.com/care-to-predict-what-happens-kentuckys-new-prediction-markets-tax/" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Commonwealth of Kentucky ex rel. Coleman v. KalshiEX LLC et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, E.D. Ky. (removed from Franklin Circuit Court, No. 26-CI-00689)", "docket": "3:26-cv-00048" }, { "caption": "Commonwealth of Kentucky v. QCX LLC et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, E.D. Ky. (removed from Franklin Circuit Court, No. 26-CI-00696)", "docket": "3:26-cv-00047" }, { "caption": "United States and CFTC v. Commonwealth of Kentucky et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, E.D. Ky.", "docket": "3:26-cv-00049" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/kentucky" }, { "abbr": "LA", "name": "Louisiana", "slug": "louisiana", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Louisiana's Gaming Control Board told its sports-betting licensees that sports event contracts count as sports wagering, but no action against a prediction market operator was found.", "summary": "In a Dec. 5, 2025 advisory notice to licensed sports-wagering operators and platform providers, the Louisiana Gaming Control Board said offering or facilitating sports event contracts is sports wagering under state law, citing the statute that treats exchange wagering as sports wagering, and warned that doing so could affect licenses. The notice addressed licensees, not prediction market operators. Louisiana's attorney general joined the Ohio-led multistate amicus brief backing New Jersey's Supreme Court petition in October 2026. No state lawsuit, cease-and-desist letter, court order or prediction-market statute was found.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail and mobile sports betting; mobile launched Jan. 28, 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Louisiana Gaming Control Board", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://lgcb.dps.louisiana.gov/" }, { "name": "Louisiana Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.ag.state.la.us/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-12-05", "type": "regulator_guidance", "platforms": [], "description": "The Gaming Control Board sent an advisory notice to all sports-wagering licensees and platform provider permittees stating its position that offering or facilitating sports event contracts is sports wagering under Louisiana law, even on CFTC-registered exchanges, and that it could affect their licenses.", "source_name": "Louisiana Gaming Control Board / SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2025/12/10/louisiana-lgcb-letter-predictions/" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Louisiana's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/louisiana" }, { "abbr": "ME", "name": "Maine", "slug": "maine", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "No Maine lawsuit, cease-and-desist letter or prediction-market law was found; the attorney general backed New Jersey's Supreme Court petition.", "summary": "No Maine enforcement action, court case or legislation aimed at CFTC-regulated prediction markets was found. Maine's attorney general joined the Ohio-led multistate amicus brief filed Oct. 7, 2026 supporting New Jersey's request for Supreme Court review of the Third Circuit's Kalshi ruling.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Mobile-only market (no retail) launched Nov. 3, 2023.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Maine Gambling Control Unit", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.maine.gov/dps/gcu/" }, { "name": "Maine Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.maine.gov/ag/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Maine's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/maine" }, { "abbr": "MD", "name": "Maryland", "slug": "maryland", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "Kalshi's challenge to Maryland's gambling enforcement awaits a Fourth Circuit ruling after a federal judge refused to block the state.", "summary": "Maryland's Lottery and Gaming Control Agency sent Kalshi a cease-and-desist letter in April 2025; Kalshi sued, and the federal district court denied its preliminary injunction on Aug. 1, 2025. The Fourth Circuit heard the appeal on May 7, 2026 and had not ruled by mid-October; Maryland has agreed to hold off enforcement during the appeal. Separately, Baltimore City sued Kalshi, Polymarket and others under its consumer-protection ordinance on Aug. 13, 2026, and the case was removed to federal court.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail and mobile sports betting; mobile launched Nov. 23, 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.mdgaming.com/" }, { "name": "Maryland Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.marylandattorneygeneral.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-04-07", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Maryland regulators sent Kalshi a cease-and-desist letter over its sports event contracts.", "source_name": "Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com)", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/2025/08/11/summary-of-legal-actions-involving-kalshis-sports-event-contracts/" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Adam B. Abelson of the District of Maryland denied Kalshi's request for a preliminary injunction against state enforcement; Kalshi appealed to the Fourth Circuit.", "source_name": "CoinStats Kalshi legal tracker (Maryland)", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/kalshi-md/" }, { "date": "2025-08-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Maryland agreed in writing not to enforce its gambling laws against Kalshi while the appeal is pending.", "source_name": "CoinStats Kalshi legal tracker (Maryland)", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/kalshi-md/" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Crypto.com" ], "description": "The district court stayed Crypto.com's parallel suit (North American Derivatives Exchange v. Martin) until Kalshi's appeal is decided.", "source_name": "Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com)", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/2025/08/11/summary-of-legal-actions-involving-kalshis-sports-event-contracts/" }, { "date": "2026-05-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Fourth Circuit heard oral argument in KalshiEX v. Martin (No. 25-1892); no decision had issued as of Oct. 20, 2026.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate prediction market lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket", "Robinhood", "Coinbase" ], "description": "Baltimore City (a municipality, not the state) sued in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City under its consumer-protection ordinance, alleging unlicensed sports betting; Kalshi removed the case on Aug. 14, 2026.", "source_name": "Baltimore City press release", "source_url": "https://www.baltimorecity.gov/mayor/news-media/press-releases/2026-08-13-mayor-brandon-m-scott-and-the-city-of-baltimore-file-consumer-protection-actions-against-kalshi-and-polymarket-over-illegal-sports-betting-and-prediction-market-gambling" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Maryland's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-10-14", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Maryland filed a supplemental-authority letter in the Fourth Circuit pointing to the Sixth Circuit's Sept. 25, 2026 Schuler decision.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate prediction market lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Martin", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (from D. Md. No. 1:25-cv-01283)", "docket": "25-1892" }, { "caption": "North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Martin", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Md.", "docket": "1:25-cv-01285" }, { "caption": "Mayor and City Council of Baltimore v. KalshiEX LLC et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Md. (removed from Circuit Court for Baltimore City, No. C-24-CV-26-005532)", "docket": "1:26-cv-03217" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/maryland" }, { "abbr": "MA", "name": "Massachusetts", "slug": "massachusetts", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "A state-court injunction against Kalshi's sports contracts has been stayed since February 2026 while Massachusetts' highest court considers Kalshi's appeal.", "summary": "Attorney General Andrea Campbell sued Kalshi in Suffolk Superior Court on Sept. 12, 2025; a federal judge sent the case back to state court on Oct. 28, 2025. Judge Christopher Barry-Smith granted a preliminary injunction against Kalshi's unlicensed sports contracts on Jan. 20, 2026 and refused to stay it, but on Feb. 17, 2026 Appeals Court Justice Sabita Singh stayed the injunction pending appeal. The Supreme Judicial Court took the appeal (SJC-13906) in March, heard argument on May 4, 2026, and had not ruled as of mid-October 2026. Robinhood, Polymarket, Novig and Underdog have filed their own federal suits against the attorney general, several of them paused until the SJC rules.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail and mobile sports betting; mobile launched March 10, 2023.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Massachusetts Gaming Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://massgaming.com/" }, { "name": "Massachusetts Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.mass.gov/orgs/office-of-the-attorney-general" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-09-12", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The attorney general sued Kalshi in Suffolk Superior Court, alleging it offers sports wagering in Massachusetts without a license.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2025/09/12/ma-kalshi-attorney-general-lawsuit/" }, { "date": "2025-10-28", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Richard Stearns of the District of Massachusetts (No. 1:25-cv-12595) remanded the case to state court after Kalshi tried to remove it.", "source_name": "D. Mass. remand order (via InGame)", "source_url": "https://www.ingame.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/order-to-remand.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Suffolk Superior Court granted the attorney general's preliminary injunction barring Kalshi from offering sports event contracts in Massachusetts without a state license.", "source_name": "ZwillGen", "source_url": "https://www.zwillgen.com/gaming/timing-forum-federal-preemption-lessons-from-massachusetts-kalshi-decision/" }, { "date": "2026-02-06", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Barry-Smith entered the injunction and denied Kalshi's emergency motion to stay it, allowing 30 days for compliance so Kalshi could seek a stay from the Appeals Court.", "source_name": "InGame", "source_url": "https://www.ingame.com/kalshi-massachusetts-sports-ban-stay-rejected/" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Appeals Court Justice Sabita Singh (No. 2026-J-0143) granted Kalshi's motion to stay the injunction pending appeal, without expressing a view on the merits, and expedited the appeal.", "source_name": "Bloomberg Law", "source_url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/bloomberg-government-news/kalshi-wins-breathing-room-on-massachusetts-ban-during-appeal" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Polymarket" ], "description": "Polymarket sued in federal court to stop the attorney general from enforcing state sports-wagering licensing law against it.", "source_name": "Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com)", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/2025/08/11/summary-of-legal-actions-involving-kalshis-sports-event-contracts/" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Polymarket" ], "description": "Judge William G. Young approved a joint request to pause Polymarket's federal case until the state appellate courts review the Kalshi injunction.", "source_name": "Bloomberg Law", "source_url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/bloomberg-government-news/massachusetts-polymarket-case-paused-as-kalshi-appeals-ban" }, { "date": "2026-03", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Supreme Judicial Court moved the appeal to its own docket (SJC-13906), invited amicus briefs on federal preemption and set an expedited briefing schedule; the stay stayed in place.", "source_name": "State House News Service", "source_url": "https://www.statehousenews.com/news/judiciary/courts/high-court-sets-timeline-in-kalshi-sports-contract-case/article_9c5ff1da-8d35-4663-81f4-19e485b4919b.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The CFTC filed an amicus brief in the Supreme Judicial Court supporting Kalshi's federal preemption arguments.", "source_name": "CFTC amicus brief, SJC-13906", "source_url": "https://www.cftc.gov/media/13771/ENFAmicusMassachusettsReview042426/download" }, { "date": "2026-05-04", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Supreme Judicial Court heard argument on Kalshi's appeal (SJC-13906); reports described the justices as skeptical of Kalshi. No decision had been reported as of Oct. 19, 2026.", "source_name": "CDC Gaming / InGame", "source_url": "https://cdcgaming.com/brief/massachusetts-skeptical-supreme-court-could-favor-state-in-kalshi-case/" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Underdog" ], "description": "Underdog's exchange and its brokerage affiliate sued the attorney general and others in federal court, arguing federal commodities law preempts state enforcement.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate tracker sources page", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/sources/" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Massachusetts's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. KalshiEX LLC", "court": "Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (on appeal from Suffolk Superior Court)", "docket": "SJC-13906" }, { "caption": "Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Campbell", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Mass. (appeal to First Circuit reported)", "docket": "1:25-cv-12578" }, { "caption": "Polymarket v. Campbell (exact caption not confirmed)", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Mass.", "docket": null }, { "caption": "Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Campbell", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Mass.", "docket": "1:26-cv-13615" }, { "caption": "Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Campbell et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Mass.", "docket": "1:26-cv-14098" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/massachusetts" }, { "abbr": "MI", "name": "Michigan", "slug": "michigan", "status": "court_blocked", "headline": "A Michigan state-court injunction bars Kalshi's sports contracts in Michigan, and the state is seeking to hold Kalshi in contempt.", "summary": "Attorney General Dana Nessel and the Michigan Gaming Control Board sued Kalshi in March 2026; after a federal court sent the case back to Ingham County Circuit Court, Judge Rosemarie Aquilina issued a temporary restraining order on June 29, 2026 and a preliminary injunction on Sept. 1, 2026. The injunction bars Kalshi's sports-wagering activity and marketing in Michigan, requires state-licensed geolocation, and sets $500,000-per-day penalties for geolocation failures. The state moved for civil contempt on Sept. 29, 2026, and a show-cause hearing was reported for Nov. 24, 2026. Federal judges denied injunctions sought by Polymarket, Robinhood and Coinbase; Robinhood and Coinbase agreed to halt sports contracts in Michigan while Sixth Circuit appeals proceed.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail and mobile sports betting; mobile launched Jan. 22, 2021.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Michigan Gaming Control Board", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mgcb" }, { "name": "Michigan Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/ag" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-03-04", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Polymarket", "Robinhood" ], "description": "Polymarket (QCX) and Robinhood each sued the attorney general in federal court in the Western District of Michigan, seeking to block state enforcement.", "source_name": "Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com)", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/2025/08/11/summary-of-legal-actions-involving-kalshis-sports-event-contracts/" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The attorney general, for the state and the Gaming Control Board, sued Kalshi in Ingham County Circuit Court under the Lawful Sports Betting Act and public-nuisance law.", "source_name": "Michigan Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/ag/news/press-releases/2026/03/05/ag-nessel-files-lawsuit-against-kalshi" }, { "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Polymarket", "Robinhood" ], "description": "The Western District of Michigan denied preliminary injunctions to Polymarket and Robinhood; both appealed to the Sixth Circuit (Nos. 26-1552 and 26-1542).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-06-25", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "A federal court sent the state's case against Kalshi back to Ingham County Circuit Court; Kalshi appealed the remand to the Sixth Circuit (No. 26-1639).", "source_name": "InGame", "source_url": "https://www.ingame.com/kalshi-sports-contracts-banned-michigan/" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Rosemarie Aquilina issued an ex parte 14-day temporary restraining order barring Kalshi's sports contracts for anyone in Michigan, with geolocation requirements and a $120,000 daily fine; she extended and modified it in mid-July, setting a Aug. 12, 2026 geofencing deadline.", "source_name": "InGame", "source_url": "https://www.ingame.com/kalshi-sports-contracts-banned-michigan/" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The CFTC barred Kalshi from canceling sports trades it had already executed in order to comply with the Michigan restraining order; Kalshi said it had unwound the trades and was caught between the two orders.", "source_name": "Michigan Advance", "source_url": "https://michiganadvance.com/2026/07/15/federal-agency-intervenes-in-michigans-legal-fight-over-kalshi-sports-contracts/" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Coinbase" ], "description": "The Eastern District of Michigan denied Coinbase's request for a preliminary injunction against state enforcement; Coinbase appealed.", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-09-01", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Aquilina granted a preliminary injunction barring Kalshi's sports-wagering activity, deposits, account funding and advertising in Michigan, with geolocation rules and $500,000-per-day penalties, until a final order.", "source_name": "Ingham County Circuit Court order (via Michigan AG)", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/ag/-/media/Project/Websites/AG/releases/2026/September/Kalshi-Preliminary-Injunction-Order-Signed-Sep-1-2026.pdf?rev=c48b59e8df064e538a16b98534aef460&hash=CC10EFB6121ECBC410DD9383C21D13AC" }, { "date": "2026-09-04", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Robinhood" ], "description": "A federal judge entered a stipulated order under which Robinhood stops new sports contracts for Michigan users by Sept. 9, 2026 and closes remaining positions by Oct. 9, 2026, without deciding the merits.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate tracker sources page", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/sources/" }, { "date": "2026-09-29", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Michigan moved to hold Kalshi in civil contempt, alleging it kept sending sports promotions to Michigan residents after the injunction; a show-cause hearing before Judge Aquilina is set for Nov. 24, 2026.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/news/michigan-wants-kalshi-held-in-contempt-as-state-crackdown-moves-beyond-trading/" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "settlement", "platforms": [ "Coinbase" ], "description": "The Gaming Control Board announced Coinbase agreed to stop new sports-related event contracts for Michigan customers and close open positions by Oct. 10, 2026, in exchange for state forbearance while appeals proceed.", "source_name": "Michigan Gaming Control Board", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mgcb/news/2026/10/07/coinbase-agrees-to-halt-sports-related-event-contracts-in-michigan" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Michigan's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Nessel ex rel. People of Michigan and Michigan Gaming Control Board v. KalshiEX LLC", "court": "Ingham County Circuit Court (30th Judicial Circuit)", "docket": "26-1087-CZ" }, { "caption": "Nessel v. KalshiEX LLC (remand appeal)", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit", "docket": "26-1639" }, { "caption": "QCX LLC v. Nessel", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (from W.D. Mich.)", "docket": "26-1552" }, { "caption": "Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Nessel", "court": "U.S. District Court, W.D. Mich.; Sixth Circuit No. 26-1542", "docket": "1:26-cv-00730" }, { "caption": "Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Nessel", "court": "U.S. District Court, E.D. Mich.; Sixth Circuit No. 26-1693", "docket": "4:25-cv-14092" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/michigan" }, { "abbr": "MN", "name": "Minnesota", "slug": "minnesota", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "Minnesota's 2026 law making prediction markets a felony is preliminarily enjoined as to CFTC-registered exchanges while challenges from the CFTC, Kalshi and Polymarket continue.", "summary": "Minnesota enacted a felony ban on operating, facilitating or advertising prediction markets on sports, elections, pop culture and similar events, codified at Minn. Stat. § 609.7615 and effective Aug. 1, 2026. Gov. Tim Walz signed SF 4760 (ch. 97) on May 18, 2026, and the version in force comes from SF 3432 (ch. 118), approved May 26, 2026, which also repealed the parallel SF 4760 provisions. The United States and the CFTC sued on May 19, 2026, and Kalshi and Polymarket US filed their own federal suits. On July 27, 2026 Judge Katherine Menendez preliminarily enjoined enforcement against CFTC-registered exchanges, finding the law likely preempted in many respects, while warning that final relief could be narrower.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "Sports betting is not legal in Minnesota.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Minnesota Alcohol and Gambling Enforcement Division", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/age" }, { "name": "Minnesota Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.ag.state.mn.us/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-05-18", "type": "legislation", "platforms": [], "description": "The governor signed SF 4760 (ch. 97), an omnibus public-safety bill that included a prediction market ban; those provisions were later repealed and replaced by SF 3432.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/news/minnesota-governor-signs-bill-prediction-market-restrictions-set-up-lawsuits/" }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The United States and the CFTC sued Minnesota in federal court to stop the law from taking effect, arguing federal law gives the CFTC exclusive jurisdiction.", "source_name": "Stateline / Minnesota Reformer", "source_url": "https://stateline.org/2026/05/19/repub/minnesota-becomes-first-state-to-outlaw-prediction-markets-immediately-sued-by-federal-regulators/" }, { "date": "2026-05-26", "type": "legislation", "platforms": [], "description": "The governor approved SF 3432 (ch. 118). Its Article 6 creates Minn. Stat. § 609.7615, making it a felony to operate, facilitate or advertise prediction markets on sports, elections, pop culture, deaths and other listed events, effective Aug. 1, 2026, and repeals the SF 4760 version.", "source_name": "Minnesota Session Laws 2026, ch. 118", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2026/0/Session+Law/Chapter/118/" }, { "date": "2026-05-27", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi sued Attorney General Keith Ellison, Gov. Walz and the state gambling enforcement director in the District of Minnesota, raising Supremacy Clause and First Amendment claims.", "source_name": "The Block", "source_url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/402937/kalshis-prediction-markets-sues-minnesota-law-ban" }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [], "description": "Judge Katherine Menendez preliminarily enjoined enforcement of the ban against CFTC-registered exchanges in challenges brought by the United States, Kalshi and Polymarket US, finding it likely preempted in many respects but noting final relief could be narrower.", "source_name": "Legal Sports Report", "source_url": "https://legalsportsreport.com/270988/judge-blocks-minnesotas-bill-banning-prediction-markets" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Minnesota's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "SF 3432 (2026 Minn. Laws ch. 118, art. 6)", "title": "Prediction markets offense (Minn. Stat. § 609.7615)", "status": "enacted", "date": "2026-05-26", "description": "Makes creating, operating or facilitating a prediction market, and advertising one, a felony; covers sports, elections, legal actions, deaths, pop culture and other listed events; lets the state gambling director issue cease-and-desist orders; effective Aug. 1, 2026. Enforcement against CFTC-registered exchanges is preliminarily enjoined.", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2026/0/Session+Law/Chapter/118/" }, { "id": "SF 4760 (2026 Minn. Laws ch. 97, art. 8)", "title": "Omnibus public safety policy bill (earlier prediction market provisions)", "status": "enacted", "date": "2026-05-18", "description": "Contained the first enacted version of the ban; its article 8, sections 1 to 3 were repealed by SF 3432 (ch. 118).", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=senate&f=SF4760&ssn=0&y=2026" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "United States v. State of Minnesota", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Minn.", "docket": "0:26-cv-02661" }, { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Ellison et al. (exact caption not confirmed)", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Minn.", "docket": null }, { "caption": "Polymarket v. Minnesota officials (caption not confirmed)", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Minn.", "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/minnesota" }, { "abbr": "MS", "name": "Mississippi", "slug": "mississippi", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "No Mississippi lawsuit, cease-and-desist letter or prediction-market law was found; the attorney general supports New Jersey's Supreme Court petition.", "summary": "No Mississippi enforcement action, court case or legislation aimed at CFTC-regulated prediction markets was found. Attorney General Lynn Fitch joined a May 2026 multistate comment letter to the CFTC and the Ohio-led amicus brief filed Oct. 7, 2026 supporting Supreme Court review of the Third Circuit's Kalshi decision. Mississippi allows sports betting only at licensed casinos.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "retail_only", "note": "Sports betting at licensed casinos; mobile apps work only on casino premises.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Mississippi Gaming Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.msgamingcommission.com/" }, { "name": "Mississippi Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.ago.state.ms.us/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-05-04", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "Attorney General Lynn Fitch joined a coalition of state attorneys general in a comment letter urging the CFTC to leave sports-related event contracts to state regulation.", "source_name": "Clarke County Tribune", "source_url": "https://www.clarkecountytrib.com/mississippi-attorney-general-joins-coalition-calling-state-control-over-sports-related-prediction-69fa183a6293f" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Mississippi's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/mississippi" }, { "abbr": "MO", "name": "Missouri", "slug": "missouri", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "Missouri told six prediction-market operators to stop sports contracts or get licensed; Novig and Crypto.com sued the attorney general in federal court.", "summary": "Missouri's regulated sports betting market launched on Dec. 1, 2025. In letters dated Sept. 16, 2026 and announced Sept. 18, 2026, Attorney General Catherine Hanaway told Kalshi, Polymarket US's exchange, Crypto.com's exchange, Robinhood, Novig and Underdog to stop offering sports contracts or get a state license, pay taxes and bar users under 21, within 30 days. PrizePicks, which got no letter, paused its sports product in the state in early October. As the deadline arrived on Oct. 16, 2026, Novig and Crypto.com's exchange filed separate federal suits seeking to block enforcement. No court ruling and no state lawsuit against an operator was found.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail and mobile sports betting; the market launched Dec. 1, 2025 after 2024 voter approval.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Missouri Gaming Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.mgc.dps.mo.gov/" }, { "name": "Missouri Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://ago.mo.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket US", "Crypto.com", "Robinhood", "Novig", "Underdog" ], "description": "The attorney general demanded each operator stop offering sports contracts to people in Missouri, or obtain a Gaming Commission license, pay the 10% wagering tax and fees, and bar under-21 users, within 30 days; the letters were announced Sept. 18, 2026.", "source_name": "Missouri Attorney General letter to KalshiEX LLC", "source_url": "https://ago.mo.gov/wp-content/uploads/Kalshi-Cease-and-Desist-Letter.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-10-06", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "PrizePicks" ], "description": "PrizePicks, which did not receive a letter, told customers it was suspending its sports prediction product in Missouri.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/10/07/prizepicks-sports-contracts-missouri/" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Missouri's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-10-16", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Novig" ], "description": "Novig's exchange, Ludlow Exchange, sued the attorney general and Gaming Commission officials in the Eastern District of Missouri, arguing the CFTC has exclusive jurisdiction.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate tracker sources page", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/sources/" }, { "date": "2026-10-16", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Crypto.com" ], "description": "North American Derivatives Exchange (OG.com Prediction Markets, Crypto.com's exchange) sued in the Western District of Missouri, also arguing federal preemption.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate tracker sources page", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/sources/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Ludlow Exchange, LLC v. Hanaway et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, E.D. Mo.", "docket": "4:26-cv-01780" }, { "caption": "North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Hanaway et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, W.D. Mo.", "docket": "4:26-cv-00969" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/missouri" }, { "abbr": "MT", "name": "Montana", "slug": "montana", "status": "enforcement", "headline": "Montana's Gambling Control Division twice ordered Kalshi to stop sports contracts; Kalshi's federal suit ended in a stipulated dismissal under which the state holds off enforcement for now.", "summary": "The Montana Department of Justice's Gambling Control Division sent Kalshi cease-and-desist letters on March 26, 2025 and April 6, 2026, treating its sports event contracts as unlicensed sports wagering. Kalshi sued Attorney General Austin Knudsen, Division officials and five commission members in federal court in April 2026. Judge Donald Molloy denied Kalshi a preliminary injunction on Aug. 27, 2026, and the case was dismissed on a joint stipulation on Sept. 21, 2026. Under the stipulation, the defendants will not start enforcement over Kalshi's exchange-traded event contracts until Kalshi's Ninth Circuit rehearing bid in the Nevada case is resolved, and the attorney general's side must then give 30 days' written notice before acting.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "retail_only", "note": "Lottery-run sports betting; the app works only at authorized licensed locations.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Montana Lottery (Sports Bet Montana)", "role": "lottery", "url": "https://montanalottery.com/" }, { "name": "Montana DOJ Gambling Control Division", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://dojmt.gov/gaming/" }, { "name": "Montana Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://dojmt.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-03-26", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Gambling Control Division's chief legal counsel ordered KalshiEX to stop letting people in Montana trade sports event contracts, citing state gambling and sports-wagering statutes and warning of legal action.", "source_name": "Montana DOJ Gambling Control Division letter (via KTVH/Scripps)", "source_url": "https://ewscripps.brightspotcdn.com/be/9d/89ca709a491b991f15de4c31218b/2025-03-26-cease-desist.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-04-16", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "According to Kalshi's later complaint, the Division confirmed in writing that it would not enforce against Kalshi while Kalshi's Nevada litigation was pending and would give notice first.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/04/13/kalshi-sues-montana-in-federal-court/" }, { "date": "2026-04-06", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Division sent a second cease-and-desist letter, saying the earlier forbearance depended on Kalshi's Nevada injunction, which had since been dissolved.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/04/13/kalshi-sues-montana-in-federal-court/" }, { "date": "2026-04-12", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi sued Attorney General Austin Knudsen, Gambling Control Division officials and five commission members in the District of Montana (No. 6:26-cv-00028), seeking to block enforcement on federal preemption grounds.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/04/13/kalshi-sues-montana-in-federal-court/" }, { "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Donald Molloy denied Kalshi's preliminary injunction without prejudice, finding it had not shown likely irreparable harm after repeatedly agreeing to pause the case.", "source_name": "InGame", "source_url": "https://www.ingame.com/?p=53317" }, { "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The court dismissed the case on a joint stipulation filed Sept. 17, 2026: claims against the five commission members with prejudice, and against the attorney general, a Division official and the Division without prejudice. The defendants agreed not to begin enforcement over Kalshi's event contracts until Kalshi's Ninth Circuit rehearing bid in KalshiEX v. Assad is resolved, after which the attorney general's side must give 30 days' written notice.", "source_name": "Joint stipulation of dismissal, D. Mont. No. 6:26-cv-00028 (via DeFi Rate)", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/kalshivknudsendismissalrequest.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Knudsen et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Mont.", "docket": "6:26-cv-00028" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/montana" }, { "abbr": "NE", "name": "Nebraska", "slug": "nebraska", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "No Nebraska enforcement, lawsuit or prediction-market law was found; the attorney general supports New Jersey's Supreme Court petition.", "summary": "No Nebraska enforcement action, court case or legislation aimed at CFTC-regulated prediction markets was found, and a September 2026 Legislative Research Office brief reached the same conclusion. Attorney General Mike Hilgers has joined multistate comment letters to the CFTC and the Ohio-led amicus brief filed Oct. 7, 2026 supporting New Jersey's Supreme Court petition. Nebraska allows only retail sports betting; a mobile betting question is on the Nov. 3, 2026 ballot.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "retail_only", "note": "Retail sports betting only; an online sports wagering measure is on the Nov. 3, 2026 ballot.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Nebraska Racing and Gaming Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://nrgc.nebraska.gov/" }, { "name": "Nebraska Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://ago.nebraska.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-09", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "A Legislative Research Office brief found that Nebraska had enacted no prediction-market law and taken no state enforcement action, while noting the attorney general's support for multistate comment letters and briefs.", "source_name": "Nebraska Legislative Research Office", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/pdf/reports/research/2026%20Contract%20Sport%20Prediction%20Markets%20and%20State%20Gambling%20Authority.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Nebraska's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/nebraska" }, { "abbr": "NV", "name": "Nevada", "slug": "nevada", "status": "court_blocked", "headline": "Nevada state-court injunctions bar Kalshi, Polymarket and Coinbase sports contracts, and the Ninth Circuit has sided with Nevada against Kalshi.", "summary": "The Nevada Gaming Control Board won state-court orders in Carson City against Polymarket (TRO Jan. 29, 2026), Coinbase (preliminary injunction March 26, 2026) and Kalshi (TRO March 20, 2026, preliminary injunction April 28, 2026), and the Nevada Supreme Court denied Kalshi a stay on July 1, 2026. Kalshi says it now blocks sports markets for Nevada users, but the Board alleges trades after a Aug. 12, 2026 geofencing deadline and is seeking contempt and daily fines. In federal court, the Ninth Circuit on Aug. 28, 2026 upheld the dissolution of Kalshi's injunction against Nevada for sports contracts. Kalshi's rehearing petition is pending, as are Supreme Court petitions from Crypto.com's and Robinhood's exchanges.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail and mobile sports betting through Nevada-licensed sportsbooks since 2010.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Nevada Gaming Control Board", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://gaming.nv.gov/" }, { "name": "Nevada Gaming Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://gaming.nv.gov/" }, { "name": "Nevada Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://ag.nv.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-11-24", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The U.S. District Court for Nevada dissolved the preliminary injunction that had shielded Kalshi from state enforcement.", "source_name": "Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com)", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/2025/08/11/summary-of-legal-actions-involving-kalshis-sports-event-contracts/" }, { "date": "2026-01-29", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Polymarket" ], "description": "Judge Jason Woodbury of the Carson City district court issued a 14-day TRO in the Board's case against Blockratize (Polymarket); a preliminary injunction followed and was amended on May 29, 2026.", "source_name": "Covers", "source_url": "https://www.covers.com/industry/polymarket-temporarily-forced-out-of-nevada-jan-31-2026" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Coinbase" ], "description": "The state court issued a TRO in the Board's case against Coinbase Financial Markets, followed by a preliminary injunction on March 26, 2026.", "source_name": "Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com)", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/2025/08/11/summary-of-legal-actions-involving-kalshis-sports-event-contracts/" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Gaming Control Board sued Kalshi in the First Judicial District Court in Carson City, alleging unlicensed wagering.", "source_name": "Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com)", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/2025/08/11/summary-of-legal-actions-involving-kalshis-sports-event-contracts/" }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Jason Woodbury granted the Board an ex parte TRO against Kalshi.", "source_name": "Bloomberg", "source_url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-20/kalshi-banned-from-operating-in-nevada-for-now-by-state-judge" }, { "date": "2026-04-28", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Woodbury, who had announced the ruling from the bench on April 3, 2026, entered a preliminary injunction requiring Kalshi to stop offering sports, election and entertainment contracts to Nevada residents by May 4, 2026.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/news/judge-orders-kalshi-pause-event-contracts-nevada-residents-may-4/" }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The court ordered Kalshi to geofence so it does not offer sports, election or entertainment event contracts to anyone in Nevada.", "source_name": "Nevada Gaming Control Board press release", "source_url": "https://www.gaming.nv.gov/siteassets/content/about/press-release/nevada-gaming-control-board-asks-court-to-hold-kalshi-in-contempt.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Board asked the court to hold Kalshi in contempt and impose significant penalties for not complying with the May 18, 2026 order.", "source_name": "Nevada Gaming Control Board press release", "source_url": "https://www.gaming.nv.gov/siteassets/content/about/press-release/nevada-gaming-control-board-asks-court-to-hold-kalshi-in-contempt.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Nevada Supreme Court (No. 92771) denied Kalshi's request to stay the state-court injunction.", "source_name": "SportsBettingDime", "source_url": "https://www.sportsbettingdime.com/news/industry/nevada-supreme-court-upholds-kalshi-geofencing-mandate/" }, { "date": "2026-08-14", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Nevada told the court Kalshi missed the Aug. 12, 2026 geofencing deadline it had agreed to in July and asked for a $120,000-per-day fine; Kalshi says investigators misrepresented their location. No ruling on the fine was found.", "source_name": "Finance Magnates", "source_url": "https://financemagnates.com/fintech/nevada-wants-120k-a-day-from-kalshi-over-geofence-failures-kalshi-says-the-testers-cheated" }, { "date": "2026-08-28", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "A Ninth Circuit panel (Judges R. Nelson, Bade and Lee; No. 25-7516) affirmed the dissolution of Kalshi's injunction as to sports contracts, holding they are likely not swaps and Nevada law is likely not preempted, and remanded on election contracts.", "source_name": "Ninth Circuit opinion, KalshiEX v. Assad", "source_url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2026/08/28/25-7516.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi petitioned the Ninth Circuit for rehearing en banc; no ruling had been reported by Oct. 20, 2026.", "source_name": "Joint stipulation, KalshiEX v. Knudsen (D. Mont.), citing the petition", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/kalshivknudsendismissalrequest.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Robinhood" ], "description": "Robinhood Derivatives asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review the Ninth Circuit's ruling in its Nevada case (No. 26-338).", "source_name": "Robinhood petition for certiorari", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-338/423750/20260910115039631_Robinhood%20Pet%20for%20Cert.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-09-11", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Crypto.com" ], "description": "Crypto.com's exchange, North American Derivatives Exchange, filed a Supreme Court petition against Nevada (No. 26-344).", "source_name": "De Silva Law Offices", "source_url": "https://www.desilvalawoffices.com/articles/blog/2026/september/prediction-markets-at-the-supreme-court-a-state-/" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Nevada's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Nevada Gaming Control Board v. KalshiEX LLC", "court": "First Judicial District Court, Carson City; Nevada Supreme Court No. 92771", "docket": "26 OC 00050 1B" }, { "caption": "Nevada Gaming Control Board v. Blockratize, Inc. (Polymarket)", "court": "First Judicial District Court, Carson City", "docket": "26 OC 00012 1B" }, { "caption": "Nevada Gaming Control Board v. Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.", "court": "First Judicial District Court, Carson City", "docket": "26 OC 00030 1B" }, { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Assad (formerly v. Hendrick)", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (from D. Nev. No. 2:25-cv-00575)", "docket": "25-7516" }, { "caption": "North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. State of Nevada", "court": "U.S. Supreme Court (from 9th Cir. No. 25-7187; D. Nev. No. 2:25-cv-00978)", "docket": "26-344" }, { "caption": "Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Dreitzer", "court": "U.S. Supreme Court (from 9th Cir. No. 25-7831; D. Nev. No. 2:25-cv-01541)", "docket": "26-338" }, { "caption": "Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Ford", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Nev.", "docket": "2:26-cv-00256" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/nevada" }, { "abbr": "NH", "name": "New Hampshire", "slug": "new-hampshire", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "No New Hampshire enforcement, lawsuit or prediction-market law was found; the attorney general supports New Jersey's Supreme Court petition.", "summary": "No New Hampshire enforcement action, court case or legislation aimed at CFTC-regulated prediction markets was found. In March 2026, officials told NHPR they were monitoring litigation elsewhere and had not taken legal action, and the Lottery Commission flagged revenue concerns. New Hampshire's attorney general joined the Ohio-led multistate amicus brief filed Oct. 7, 2026 supporting Supreme Court review of the Third Circuit's Kalshi decision.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Lottery-run retail and mobile sports betting; mobile launched Dec. 30, 2019.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "New Hampshire Lottery Commission", "role": "lottery", "url": "https://www.nhlottery.com/" }, { "name": "New Hampshire Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.doj.nh.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-03-19", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket" ], "description": "State officials told NHPR they had not pursued legal action and were monitoring cases elsewhere; the Lottery Commission director warned prediction markets could erode sports betting revenue.", "source_name": "New Hampshire Public Radio", "source_url": "https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2026-03-19/could-prediction-markets-deflate-march-madness-revenue-for-nh" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "New Hampshire's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/new-hampshire" }, { "abbr": "NJ", "name": "New Jersey", "slug": "new-jersey", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "Federal courts have barred New Jersey from enforcing its gambling laws against Kalshi's sports contracts; the state has asked the Supreme Court to step in.", "summary": "After the Division of Gaming Enforcement sent Kalshi a cease-and-desist letter in early 2025, Kalshi sued, and on April 28, 2025 the federal district court preliminarily barred New Jersey from enforcing its gambling laws against Kalshi's sports contracts. On April 6, 2026 a divided Third Circuit panel affirmed, holding Kalshi likely to win on federal preemption. New Jersey petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court on Sept. 2, 2026 (Flaherty v. KalshiEX, No. 26-299); Kalshi's response is due Nov. 9, 2026, and the Court has not decided whether to hear the case. Robinhood has a parallel federal suit.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail and mobile sports betting since Aug. 1, 2018.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.njoag.gov/about/divisions-and-offices/division-of-gaming-enforcement-home/" }, { "name": "New Jersey Casino Control Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.nj.gov/casinos/" }, { "name": "New Jersey Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.njoag.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": null, "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Division of Gaming Enforcement ordered Kalshi to stop offering sports event contracts in New Jersey, about two months after Kalshi launched them in early 2025.", "source_name": "Third Circuit opinion, KalshiEX v. Flaherty", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca3.125099/gov.uscourts.ca3.125099.105.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Edward Kiel of the District of New Jersey granted Kalshi a preliminary injunction barring state enforcement of its gambling laws against Kalshi's sports contracts.", "source_name": "Third Circuit opinion, KalshiEX v. Flaherty", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca3.125099/gov.uscourts.ca3.125099.105.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Robinhood" ], "description": "Robinhood Derivatives sued New Jersey officials in federal court seeking similar protection.", "source_name": "Prediction Market Litigation Tracker (mickbransfield.com)", "source_url": "https://mickbransfield.com/2025/08/11/summary-of-legal-actions-involving-kalshis-sports-event-contracts/" }, { "date": "2026-04-06", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Third Circuit affirmed the injunction 2-1 (Judge Porter writing, Judge Roth dissenting), finding the contracts likely swaps and New Jersey law likely preempted.", "source_name": "Third Circuit opinion, KalshiEX v. Flaherty", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ca3.125099/gov.uscourts.ca3.125099.105.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-09-02", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "New Jersey filed a petition for certiorari asking the U.S. Supreme Court to review the Third Circuit ruling; it was docketed Sept. 8, 2026 as No. 26-299.", "source_name": "U.S. Supreme Court docket No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/26-299.html" }, { "date": "2026-09-22", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Supreme Court extended Kalshi's deadline to respond to the petition to Nov. 9, 2026.", "source_name": "U.S. Supreme Court docket No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/26-299.html" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Ohio and 38 other states plus DC filed an amicus brief supporting New Jersey's petition; tribes, the NFL, the AGA, gaming regulators and others filed supporting briefs between Sept. 22, 2026 and Oct. 8, 2026. The Court had not scheduled the petition for conference as of the docket check.", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Flaherty v. KalshiEX LLC", "court": "U.S. Supreme Court (petition pending)", "docket": "26-299" }, { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Flaherty", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (from D.N.J. No. 1:25-cv-02152)", "docket": "25-1922" }, { "caption": "Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Flaherty", "court": "U.S. District Court, D.N.J.", "docket": "1:25-cv-14723" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/new-jersey" }, { "abbr": "NM", "name": "New Mexico", "slug": "new-mexico", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "New Mexico's attorney general is suing Kalshi, the CFTC is suing New Mexico, and several operators and tribes are in court; no rulings yet.", "summary": "Attorney General Raúl Torrez sued Kalshi in Santa Fe County district court on June 4, 2026, alleging unlicensed online sports betting and a public nuisance; Kalshi removed the case to federal court on June 8, 2026, and the state's remand motion was pending as of September. The United States and the CFTC sued New Mexico on June 12, 2026, and Polymarket US, Novig and Underdog each filed federal suits against state officials between June and September. The Mescalero Apache Tribe and three pueblos sued Kalshi in federal court on May 12, 2026. No order restricting or protecting any platform was found.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "retail_only", "note": "Retail sports betting at tribal casinos under Class III compacts; no statewide mobile betting.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "New Mexico Gaming Control Board", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.gcb.nm.gov/" }, { "name": "New Mexico Attorney General (New Mexico Department of Justice)", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://nmdoj.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "tribal_action", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Mescalero Apache Tribe and the Pojoaque, Sandia and Isleta Pueblos sued Kalshi in federal court in Albuquerque, alleging it enables sports betting on tribal lands in violation of their gaming compacts and the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act.", "source_name": "Source NM", "source_url": "https://sourcenm.com/2026/05/13/new-mexico-pueblos-sue-kalshi-alleging-prediction-market-violates-tribal-gaming-sovereignty/" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The attorney general sued Kalshi in the First Judicial District Court, Santa Fe County (No. D-101-CV-2026-01567), alleging unlicensed sports betting and seeking an injunction and nuisance abatement.", "source_name": "Underdog v. Torrez complaint (D.N.M.)", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312.1.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-06-08", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi removed the attorney general's case to federal court (D.N.M. No. 1:26-cv-01857); the state moved to remand.", "source_name": "Underdog v. Torrez complaint (D.N.M.)", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312.1.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The United States and the CFTC sued New Mexico (D.N.M. No. 1:26-cv-01912) and moved for a preliminary injunction on June 18, 2026; the state moved to dismiss on July 16, 2026.", "source_name": "Underdog v. Torrez complaint (D.N.M.)", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312.1.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Polymarket US" ], "description": "The New Mexico Department of Justice declined Polymarket's request to hold off enforcement.", "source_name": "Underdog v. Torrez complaint (D.N.M.)", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312.1.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Polymarket US" ], "description": "QCX LLC (Polymarket US) sued the attorney general in federal court (D.N.M. No. 1:26-cv-02100).", "source_name": "Underdog v. Torrez complaint (D.N.M.)", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312.1.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Novig" ], "description": "Novig's exchange, Ludlow Exchange, sued state officials in federal court (D.N.M. No. 1:26-cv-02576) after launching event contracts in New Mexico.", "source_name": "Underdog v. Torrez complaint (D.N.M.)", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312.1.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Underdog" ], "description": "Underdog's exchange and brokerage sued the attorney general and Gaming Control Board members, seeking a declaration that state gambling laws are preempted.", "source_name": "Underdog v. Torrez complaint (D.N.M.)", "source_url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312/gov.uscourts.nmd.571312.1.0.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "New Mexico's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "New Mexico Attorney General v. KalshiEX LLC (caption as filed not confirmed)", "court": "U.S. District Court, D.N.M. (removed from First Judicial District Court, No. D-101-CV-2026-01567)", "docket": "1:26-cv-01857" }, { "caption": "United States and CFTC v. State of New Mexico", "court": "U.S. District Court, D.N.M.", "docket": "1:26-cv-01912" }, { "caption": "QCX LLC v. Torrez", "court": "U.S. District Court, D.N.M.", "docket": "1:26-cv-02100" }, { "caption": "Ludlow Exchange, LLC v. Torrez", "court": "U.S. District Court, D.N.M.", "docket": "1:26-cv-02576" }, { "caption": "Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Torrez et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, D.N.M.", "docket": "1:26-cv-02935" }, { "caption": "Mescalero Apache Tribe et al. v. KalshiEX LLC (caption not confirmed)", "court": "U.S. District Court, D.N.M. (reported)", "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/new-mexico" }, { "abbr": "NY", "name": "New York", "slug": "new-york", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "New York's attorney general is suing Kalshi and Polymarket US while federal courts weigh the CFTC's bid to block state enforcement.", "summary": "The Gaming Commission sent Kalshi a cease-and-desist letter on Oct. 24, 2025; Kalshi's federal challenge failed when Judge Analisa Torres denied a preliminary injunction on July 7, 2026, and its Second Circuit appeal is pending after a motions order denied a temporary injunction on July 29, 2026. Attorney General Letitia James sued Coinbase and Gemini in April 2026, Kalshi on July 31, 2026 (seeking restitution, disgorgement and treble penalties, reported at about $36 billion) and Polymarket US on Sept. 24, 2026; the cases were removed to federal court. The CFTC's own suit against New York awaits a preliminary-injunction ruling, and a Aug. 11, 2026 CFTC emergency order directs Kalshi to keep operating. No court order currently stops any platform in the state.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail and mobile sports betting; mobile launched Jan. 8, 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "New York State Gaming Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://gaming.ny.gov/" }, { "name": "New York Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-10-24", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The State Gaming Commission ordered Kalshi to stop offering what it called an unlicensed mobile sports wagering platform.", "source_name": "S.D.N.Y. opinion and order, KalshiEX v. Williams", "source_url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/court-filings/kalshiex-llc-v-new-york-state-gaming-commission-et-al-opinion-and-order-2026.pdf" }, { "date": "2025-10-27", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi sued the Gaming Commission and its commissioners in the Southern District of New York (No. 1:25-cv-08846), arguing federal preemption.", "source_name": "S.D.N.Y. opinion and order, KalshiEX v. Williams", "source_url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/court-filings/kalshiex-llc-v-new-york-state-gaming-commission-et-al-opinion-and-order-2026.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "type": "regulator_guidance", "platforms": [], "description": "The attorney general issued an industry alert about prediction markets, according to CBS Sports.", "source_name": "CBS Sports", "source_url": "https://www.cbssports.com/prediction/news/prediction-market-legal-states/" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Coinbase", "Gemini" ], "description": "The attorney general sued Coinbase Financial Markets and Gemini Titan in New York County Supreme Court over unlicensed gambling; both cases were removed to federal court.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate New York guide", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/new-york/" }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The United States and the CFTC sued New York, the governor, the attorney general and Gaming Commission officials (S.D.N.Y. No. 1:26-cv-03404) to block state enforcement against CFTC-registered markets.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate prediction market lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" }, { "date": "2026-07-07", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Analisa Torres denied Kalshi's preliminary injunction, finding preemption unlikely, and dismissed the Gaming Commission itself on immunity grounds; Kalshi appealed (2d Cir. No. 26-1835).", "source_name": "S.D.N.Y. opinion and order, KalshiEX v. Williams", "source_url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/court-filings/kalshiex-llc-v-new-york-state-gaming-commission-et-al-opinion-and-order-2026.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "A Second Circuit motions order denied Kalshi a temporary injunction pending appeal and referred its motion to a three-judge panel; the appeal is to be heard in tandem with two related appeals.", "source_name": "Second Circuit docket No. 26-1835 (Justia)", "source_url": "https://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca2/26-1835" }, { "date": "2026-07-31", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The attorney general sued Kalshi in New York County Supreme Court (No. 453272/2026), alleging an unlicensed gambling business and seeking an injunction, restitution, disgorgement and treble penalties; Kalshi removed the case to federal court.", "source_name": "Governor and Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-and-attorney-general-james-announce-new-york-has-sued-kalshi-running-illegal" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Jed Rakoff, sitting in for the assigned judge, denied the United States' emergency request for a TRO halting the attorney general's case against Kalshi.", "source_name": "Ball Is Life / Derek Helling", "source_url": "https://ballislife.com/betting/play/new-york-gets-preliminary-win-in-dispute-with-cftc-kalshi-with-restraining-order-denial/" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The CFTC issued an emergency order, citing a market emergency, directing Kalshi to keep operating normally despite New York's request for a restraining order.", "source_name": "Bettors Insider", "source_url": "https://bettorsinsider.com/news/2026/08/12/cftc-says-it-may-force-kalshi-to-keep-trading-in-new-york-even-if-a-state-court-bans-it/" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The federal court heard argument on the CFTC's preliminary-injunction motion in United States v. New York; no ruling has issued. New York may respond by Oct. 23, 2026 to the federal plaintiffs' notices on the CFTC's new rules.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate prediction market lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" }, { "date": "2026-09-24", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Polymarket US" ], "description": "The attorney general petitioned New York County Supreme Court against QCX LLC (Polymarket US), alleging unlicensed sports wagering; the case was removed to federal court (No. 1:26-cv-08338).", "source_name": "New York AG verified petition", "source_url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/court-filings/new-york-v-polymarket-us-petition-2026.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-09-24", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Polymarket US" ], "description": "Polymarket US sued the attorney general and others in the Southern District of New York (No. 1:26-cv-08345) seeking declaratory and injunctive relief.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate prediction market lawsuit tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "New York's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "ORACLE Act (A 9251 in the 2025 session; 2026 number not confirmed)", "title": "ORACLE Act", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-01-07", "description": "Assembly bill sponsored by Clyde Vanel, reintroduced in January 2026, that would bar contracts on single sporting events, elections, deaths, catastrophes and individual securities, with fines up to $1 million per day.", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/new-york/" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Williams", "court": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (from S.D.N.Y. No. 1:25-cv-08846)", "docket": "26-1835" }, { "caption": "United States and CFTC v. State of New York et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y.", "docket": "1:26-cv-03404" }, { "caption": "People of the State of New York v. KalshiEX LLC", "court": "Supreme Court of New York, New York County (removed to S.D.N.Y.)", "docket": "453272/2026" }, { "caption": "People of the State of New York v. QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US", "court": "U.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y. (removed from New York County Supreme Court)", "docket": "1:26-cv-08338" }, { "caption": "QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. James et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y.", "docket": "1:26-cv-08345" }, { "caption": "People of the State of New York v. Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.", "court": "U.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y. (removed)", "docket": "1:26-cv-03300" }, { "caption": "People of the State of New York v. Gemini Titan, LLC", "court": "U.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y. (removed)", "docket": "1:26-cv-03318" }, { "caption": "Ludlow Exchange, LLC v. James", "court": "U.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y.", "docket": "1:26-cv-06676" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/new-york" }, { "abbr": "NC", "name": "North Carolina", "slug": "north-carolina", "status": "legislation", "headline": "North Carolina's 2026 budget law taxes prediction markets at 6% from 2027 and recognizes the CFTC's authority over them; no enforcement or lawsuit was found.", "summary": "Gov. Josh Stein signed the state budget (Senate Bill 257) on July 7, 2026. It imposes a 6% tax on prediction market operators' net trading-fee revenue from North Carolina residents starting Jan. 1, 2027, describes CFTC registration as allowing exchanges such as Kalshi and Polymarket to operate in the state, and does not require a state license. No enforcement action or lawsuit was found. The attorney general nonetheless joined the Ohio-led multistate amicus brief filed Oct. 7, 2026 supporting New Jersey's Supreme Court petition. North Carolina is in the Fourth Circuit, where the Maryland appeal (KalshiEX v. Martin) is pending.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail and mobile sports betting; mobile launched March 11, 2024.", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting-states/" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "North Carolina State Lottery Commission", "role": "lottery", "url": "https://nclottery.com/" }, { "name": "North Carolina Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://ncdoj.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-04-04", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "North Carolina gaming authorities told EGR they were keeping watch on prediction markets offering sports event contracts; no action was described.", "source_name": "EGR North America", "source_url": "https://www.egr.global/northamerica/news/arizona-and-north-carolina-regulators-now-monitoring-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-07-07", "type": "legislation", "platforms": [], "description": "Gov. Stein signed the budget, which taxes prediction market operators at 6% starting Jan. 1, 2027 and treats CFTC-registered exchanges as able to operate without a state license.", "source_name": "Covers", "source_url": "https://www.covers.com/industry/north-carolina-governor-signs-off-on-new-sports-betting-prediction-market-taxes-july-7-2026" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "North Carolina's attorney general signed an Ohio-led amicus brief, joined by 38 other states and DC, asking the U.S. Supreme Court to grant New Jersey's petition in Flaherty v. KalshiEX (No. 26-299).", "source_name": "Ohio et al. amicus brief, U.S. Supreme Court No. 26-299", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/26/26-299/428759/20261007134816267_Kalshi%20Cert%20Amicus.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "SB 257 (2025-2026 budget)", "title": "State budget act: prediction market tax and CFTC recognition", "status": "enacted", "date": "2026-07-07", "description": "Imposes a 6% tax on prediction market operators' net trading-fee revenue attributable to North Carolina residents, effective Jan. 1, 2027, and states that CFTC registration lets prediction markets operate in the state without a state license.", "source_url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/407830/north-carolina-cftc-preemption-prediction-markets" } ], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/north-carolina" }, { "abbr": "ND", "name": "North Dakota", "slug": "north-dakota", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "No North Dakota lawsuit, cease-and-desist, or prediction-market bill was found as of October 2026.", "summary": "Searches found no enforcement action, litigation, or legislation by North Dakota officials aimed at CFTC-regulated prediction markets. North Dakota was not among the 37 states in the June 2026 multistate amicus brief supporting Ohio in the Sixth Circuit. Sports wagering in the state is limited to in-person betting at tribal casinos.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "retail_only", "note": "In-person sports betting at tribal casinos only; no statewide mobile wagering.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "North Dakota Attorney General (Gaming Division)", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/" } ], "actions": [], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/north-dakota" }, { "abbr": "OH", "name": "Ohio", "slug": "ohio", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "Ohio won at the Sixth Circuit against Kalshi, is pressing cease-and-desist demands on ten more platforms, and faces new suits from Polymarket US and Underdog.", "summary": "The Ohio Casino Control Commission treats sports event contracts as unlicensed sports gaming and has sent cease-and-desist letters, first in March 2025 and to ten more firms on October 2, 2026. On September 25, 2026, a Sixth Circuit panel affirmed the denial of Kalshi's preliminary injunction, holding that sports event contracts are not swaps and, alternatively, that the Commodity Exchange Act does not preempt Ohio's gambling law. Kalshi has asked for rehearing en banc and is separately challenging a proposed $5 million fine in state court; no court order currently bars any platform from offering contracts in Ohio. Most recipients of the October letters were still operating at the October 16 deadline, and state officials have said lawsuits will follow. Underdog and Polymarket US have filed their own federal suits against Ohio officials.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting live since January 1, 2023; minimum age 21.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Ohio Casino Control Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://casinocontrol.ohio.gov/" }, { "name": "Ohio Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.ohioattorneygeneral.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-03", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Robinhood", "Crypto.com" ], "description": "The Ohio Casino Control Commission (OCCC) ordered Kalshi, Robinhood and Crypto.com to stop offering sports event contracts in Ohio and to confirm compliance by April 14, 2025.", "source_name": "13 ABC (WTVG)", "source_url": "https://www.13abc.com/2025/03/31/ohio-casino-control-commission-issues-cease-desist-three-companies" }, { "date": "2025-08", "type": "regulator_guidance", "platforms": [], "description": "The OCCC warned licensed sportsbooks that ties to sports event contract trading could put their Ohio licenses at risk.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/06/30/kalshi-sues-ohio-regulator-state-court/" }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi sued Ohio Casino Control Commission (OCCC) members and staff and then-Attorney General Dave Yost in the Southern District of Ohio, arguing that federal law preempts state enforcement against its event contracts.", "source_name": "Justia Dockets (S.D. Ohio No. 2:25-cv-01165)", "source_url": "https://dockets.justia.com/docket/ohio/ohsdce/2:2025cv01165/306374" }, { "date": "2026-03-09", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Chief Judge Sarah D. Morrison denied Kalshi's motion for a preliminary injunction; Kalshi filed a notice of appeal the next day (6th Cir. No. 26-3196).", "source_name": "Justia Dockets (S.D. Ohio No. 2:25-cv-01165)", "source_url": "https://dockets.justia.com/docket/ohio/ohsdce/2:2025cv01165/306374" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The OCCC gave Kalshi notice of a proposed $5 million fine for offering unlicensed sports wagering; the penalty was not final.", "source_name": "Covers", "source_url": "https://covers.com/industry/ohio-gaming-regulator-fines-kalshi-5-million-april-14-2026" }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Sixth Circuit denied Kalshi's motion for an injunction pending appeal.", "source_name": "Justia Dockets (6th Cir. No. 26-3196)", "source_url": "https://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca6/26-3196" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi sued the OCCC in the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas to stop the proposed $5 million penalty, arguing among other things that imposing it administratively would deny its state-constitutional right to a jury trial.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/06/30/kalshi-sues-ohio-regulator-state-court/" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Underdog" ], "description": "Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM (Underdog Predict) filed a federal suit in the Northern District of Ohio seeking to bar Ohio from enforcing its gambling laws against them. Underdog sued four other states the same day.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/09/09/underdog-sues-states-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-09-25", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "A Sixth Circuit panel (Gibbons, writing, with Clay and Bloomekatz) affirmed the denial of Kalshi's preliminary injunction. It held that sports event contracts are not swaps and, in the alternative, that the Commodity Exchange Act does not preempt Ohio's gambling laws.", "source_name": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit opinion 26a0272p.06", "source_url": "https://www.opn.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/26a0272p-06.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-10-02", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Polymarket US", "Novig", "Underdog", "Coinbase", "Robinhood", "Gemini", "Webull", "other" ], "description": "The OCCC sent cease-and-desist letters to ten firms offering sports event contracts: Polymarket, Novig, Underdog, Coinbase, ProphetX, Robinhood, Gemini Titan, Webull, Plus500US and Moomoo. Recipients were told to confirm compliance in writing by October 16. Kalshi, already in litigation with the state, was not a recipient.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/10/05/ohio-prediction-markets-crackdown-win/" }, { "date": "2026-10-09", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi petitioned the Sixth Circuit for panel rehearing and rehearing en banc in the consolidated Ohio and Tennessee appeals, citing the CFTC's Oct. 9 proposed rule and interim final rule on the definition of 'swap'.", "source_name": "Kalshi rehearing petition (ECF stamp)", "source_url": "https://www.nextpredict.io/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Kalshi-rehearing-petition-sixth-circuit.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-10-16", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Polymarket US", "Robinhood", "other" ], "description": "At the Oct. 16 compliance deadline, most of the ten recipients were still offering sports contracts in Ohio, according to local reporting; Plus500US told the commission it would stop. Gov. Mike DeWine said the state would file lawsuits, and Attorney General Andy Wilson said the state could seek to recover the companies' Ohio revenue.", "source_name": "News 5 Cleveland (WEWS)", "source_url": "https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/politics/ohio-politics/prediction-market-platforms-ignoring-ohios-legal-threats" }, { "date": "2026-10", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Polymarket US" ], "description": "QCX LLC (Polymarket US) sued Ohio officials in the Southern District of Ohio, alleging that Ohio's in-state requirements for sports wagering discriminate against interstate commerce.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate legal tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "SB 430 (136th GA)", "title": "Specify that using a prediction market to trade event contracts on sporting events constitutes sports gaming", "status": "pending", "date": null, "description": "Sponsored by Sen. DeMora, the bill would add the use of a prediction market to trade event contracts on sporting events to Ohio's statutory definition of sports gaming, bringing it under the Casino Control Commission's licensing and enforcement authority.", "source_url": "https://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/api/v2/general_assembly_136/legislation/sb430/00_IN/html/" }, { "id": "HB 887 (136th GA)", "title": "Prohibit public officials and employees from using prediction markets", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05", "description": "Sponsored by Rep. Sean Brennan, the bill would bar covered state officials and employees from holding prediction market accounts or trading event contracts, with misdemeanor penalties and fines.", "source_url": "https://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/api/v2/general_assembly_136/legislation/hb887/00_IN/html/" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, S.D. Ohio; on appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit", "docket": "2:25-cv-01165 (S.D. Ohio); 26-3196 (6th Cir., consolidated with 26-5235)" }, { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Ohio Casino Control Commission (descriptive; official caption not verified)", "court": "Franklin County Court of Common Pleas (Ohio)", "docket": null }, { "caption": "Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Wilson et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, N.D. Ohio", "docket": "1:26-cv-02169" }, { "caption": "QCX LLC v. Wilson et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, S.D. Ohio", "docket": "2:26-cv-01502" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/ohio" }, { "abbr": "OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "slug": "oklahoma", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Oklahoma has taken no enforcement action against prediction markets; its attorney general and tribes have voiced opposition through filings and statements.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter, lawsuit, or prediction-market statute was found for Oklahoma. Attorney General Gentner Drummond joined an April 2026 multistate comment urging the CFTC to recognize state authority over sports event contracts, and Oklahoma joined the June 2026 amicus brief supporting Ohio. Tribal gaming leaders in the state have publicly opposed sports prediction contracts but have not sued, while at least one Oklahoma tribal town announced a Kalshi partnership in October 2026. A 2026 bill to authorize tribal sports betting failed in the state Senate.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "No legal sports betting; HB 1047 to authorize tribal sports betting failed in the Senate 21-27 on April 22, 2026.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Oklahoma Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.oag.ok.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "Attorney General Drummond and 40 other attorneys general filed a comment asking the CFTC to confirm through rulemaking that it lacks jurisdiction over sports-related contracts, leaving states free to regulate or ban sports gambling on prediction market platforms.", "source_name": "Oklahoma Attorney General", "source_url": "https://oklahoma.gov/oag/news/newsroom/2026/may/drummond-urges-cftc-to-recognize-state-authority-over-sports-gambling-on-prediction-market-platforms.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Oklahoma joined a 37-state coalition (36 states plus California) that filed an amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit supporting Ohio's enforcement position against Kalshi (date is the coalition announcement).", "source_name": "California Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/node/624780" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/oklahoma" }, { "abbr": "OR", "name": "Oregon", "slug": "oregon", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Oregon has not sued or issued orders against prediction markets, though its attorney general joined multistate briefs backing other states.", "summary": "No Oregon lawsuit, cease-and-desist, or prediction-market legislation was found. Attorney General Dan Rayfield signed Oregon onto a multistate effort opposing Kalshi before the Ninth Circuit, and Oregon joined the June 2026 Sixth Circuit amicus brief supporting Ohio. A private class action filed in Oregon in February 2026 alleged that Kalshi violates state gambling law and was reportedly transferred to the Southern District of New York.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Lottery-run online market with a single operator (DraftKings); retail betting at tribal casinos.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Oregon Lottery", "role": "lottery", "url": "https://www.oregonlottery.org/" }, { "name": "Oregon Department of Justice", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.doj.state.or.us/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Oregon joined a 37-state coalition (36 states plus California) that filed an amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit supporting Ohio's enforcement position against Kalshi (date is the coalition announcement).", "source_name": "California Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/node/624780" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Reynolds v. Kalshi (private class action)", "court": "Originally filed in Oregon; reportedly transferred to U.S. District Court, S.D.N.Y.", "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/oregon" }, { "abbr": "PA", "name": "Pennsylvania", "slug": "pennsylvania", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Pennsylvania has taken no enforcement action; lawmakers have introduced bills to license, tax or regulate prediction markets.", "summary": "No cease-and-desist letter or state lawsuit against prediction markets was found in Pennsylvania. The Gaming Control Board warned Congress in October 2025 that prediction markets act as a backdoor to sports betting, and Pennsylvania joined the June 2026 amicus brief supporting Ohio. Two 2026 House bills are pending in committee: HB 2497 would license and tax operators through the Gaming Control Board, and HB 2711 would set consumer-protection and integrity rules enforced by the attorney general, without a licensing or tax regime. Pennsylvania is in the Third Circuit, which ruled for Kalshi in a New Jersey case in April 2026.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Retail launched 2018 and online 2019; minimum age 21.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://gamingcontrolboard.pa.gov/" }, { "name": "Pennsylvania Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.attorneygeneral.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-10-08", "type": "regulator_guidance", "platforms": [], "description": "The Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board sent Congress a letter warning that prediction markets create a backdoor to legalized sports betting (date is the Law360 article date).", "source_name": "Law360", "source_url": "https://www.law360.com/articles/2397376" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Pennsylvania joined a 37-state coalition (36 states plus California) that filed an amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit supporting Ohio's enforcement position against Kalshi (date is the coalition announcement).", "source_name": "California Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/node/624780" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "HB 2497", "title": "Prediction market licensing and tax", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05", "description": "Introduced by a group of Democratic lawmakers including Rep. Danilo Burgos, the bill would require a Gaming Control Board license ($1 million, renewable annually at the same amount), tax gross revenue at 20% plus a 2% local share assessment, and set a minimum age of 21. It was referred to the House Gaming Oversight Committee.", "source_url": "https://www.covers.com/industry/pennsylvania-bill-introduced-prediction-market-tax-regulation-sports-betting-may-2026" }, { "id": "HB 2711", "title": "Prediction market consumer protection and integrity framework", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-07-22", "description": "Introduced July 22, 2026 by Rep. Tarik Khan with 24 cosponsors, the bill would set conduct rules for prediction markets, including a minimum age of 21, insider-trading and manipulation controls, and bans on contracts tied to youth sports or individual health and death. It would not create a license or tax; enforcement would fall to the attorney general and district attorneys. It was referred to the Consumer Protection, Technology & Utilities Committee.", "source_url": "https://covers.com/industry/pennsylvania-bill-regulate-prediction-markets-allow-sports-event-contracts-july-24-2026" } ], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/pennsylvania" }, { "abbr": "RI", "name": "Rhode Island", "slug": "rhode-island", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "Rhode Island's lawsuit against Kalshi and Polymarket US is consolidated with Kalshi's federal suit; injunction motions argued in August are undecided.", "summary": "On May 21, 2026, Kalshi sued Rhode Island officials in federal court; hours later, Attorney General Peter Neronha sued Kalshi and Polymarket US in state court, alleging that their sports event contracts are unlicensed gambling. Polymarket US removed the state case to federal court, where it was consolidated with Kalshi's suit before Judge Mary S. McElroy. The CFTC was allowed to intervene on the exchanges' side. Preliminary-injunction motions were argued on August 3, 2026, and remained under advisement as of mid-October. The state reportedly agreed to take no further enforcement action while the motions are pending.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "State-run online and retail sports betting through the Rhode Island Lottery (Sportsbook Rhode Island) since 2019; minimum age 18.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Rhode Island Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://riag.ri.gov/" }, { "name": "Rhode Island Lottery", "role": "lottery", "url": "https://www.rilot.com/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-05-21", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi filed a preemptive federal suit (KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo) against Rhode Island officials in the District of Rhode Island shortly after noon, after the attorney general declined to give assurances that it would not face enforcement.", "source_name": "Rhode Island Current", "source_url": "https://rhodeislandcurrent.com/?p=30693" }, { "date": "2026-05-21", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket US" ], "description": "About four hours later, Attorney General Neronha sued Kalshi and Polymarket US in Providence County Superior Court. The suit seeks a declaration that their sports contracts are gambling under state law, a permanent injunction, and restitution and disgorgement.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/05/22/rhode-island-sues-kalshi-polymarket/" }, { "date": "2026-05-22", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Polymarket US" ], "description": "Polymarket US removed the state's case to the U.S. District Court for the District of Rhode Island.", "source_name": "CoinStats prediction market legal tracker", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/ri/" }, { "date": "2026-05-26", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket US" ], "description": "The state told the court it would take no further enforcement action until the pending cases are decided.", "source_name": "CoinStats prediction market legal tracker", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/ri/" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The CFTC and DOJ moved to intervene in Kalshi's federal case; Kalshi moved for a preliminary injunction the next day.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/news/cftc-doj-intervene-kalshi-rhode-island-injunction/" }, { "date": "2026-06", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket US" ], "description": "The federal court consolidated the state's enforcement case with Kalshi's suit; Polymarket US then sought its own preliminary injunction.", "source_name": "Public Gaming Research Institute", "source_url": "https://publicgaming.com/news-categories-m/legal/15987-prediction-market-lawsuits-advance-in-wisconsin-rhode-island-illinois-and-new-mexico" }, { "date": "2026-06-26", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket US" ], "description": "The court allowed the CFTC to intervene on the exchanges' side.", "source_name": "CoinStats prediction market legal tracker", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/ri/" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket US" ], "description": "Judge McElroy heard the preliminary-injunction motions of Kalshi, Polymarket US and the CFTC and took them under advisement; no ruling had been reported as of October 21, 2026.", "source_name": "CoinStats prediction market legal tracker", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/ri/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo et al. (consolidated)", "court": "U.S. District Court, D.R.I.", "docket": "1:26-cv-00327" }, { "caption": "State of Rhode Island v. KalshiEX LLC and QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US", "court": "Providence County Superior Court (Rhode Island); removed to U.S. District Court, D.R.I.", "docket": "PC-2026-02753 (Providence County Superior Court); 1:26-cv-00333 (D.R.I., after removal)" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/rhode-island" }, { "abbr": "SC", "name": "South Carolina", "slug": "south-carolina", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "South Carolina officials have not sued or issued orders; private plaintiffs are suing prediction markets under an old gambling-loss recovery law.", "summary": "South Carolina's attorney general has not filed suit against prediction markets, and no 2026 prediction-market bill was found. In late 2025, Gov. Henry McMaster's office said it views the markets as illegal sports betting in the state. Private plaintiffs have sued Kalshi, Robinhood, Polymarket, DraftKings Predictions and others under an 18th-century statute that allows recovery of gambling losses. South Carolina joined the June 2026 amicus brief supporting Ohio.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "No legal sports betting.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "South Carolina Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.scag.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-11-30", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "A spokesperson for Gov. McMaster said the governor's office considers prediction markets illegal sports betting in South Carolina; the AG's office had not filed suit (date is the article date).", "source_name": "The Post and Courier", "source_url": "https://www.postandcourier.com/politics/south-carolina-sports-betting-prediction-markets/article_b33bc400-b967-44bc-b7db-f0fd8ae182dc.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "South Carolina joined a 37-state coalition (36 states plus California) that filed an amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit supporting Ohio's enforcement position against Kalshi (date is the coalition announcement).", "source_name": "California Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/node/624780" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "South Carolina Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al. (private suit; defendants also include Susquehanna, Robinhood and Webull entities)", "court": "Oconee County Court of Common Pleas (S.C.); removed to U.S. District Court, D.S.C.", "docket": "2025CP3700563 (Oconee Cty.); 8:25-cv-12859 (D.S.C.)" }, { "caption": "Hughes v. Polymarket, DraftKings Predictions et al. (private suit)", "court": "Charleston County (South Carolina state court)", "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/south-carolina" }, { "abbr": "SD", "name": "South Dakota", "slug": "south-dakota", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "South Dakota has taken no direct action against prediction markets but has joined multistate amicus briefs opposing Kalshi.", "summary": "No South Dakota lawsuit, cease-and-desist, or prediction-market bill was found. The attorney general's office has joined multistate amicus filings that dispute Kalshi's preemption argument, including the June 2026 Sixth Circuit brief supporting Ohio. Deadwood casino interests cited prediction markets in 2026 debate over a failed resolution to put statewide mobile sports betting on the ballot.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "retail_only", "note": "Sports betting only at Deadwood casinos and tribal venues; SJR 504 for a mobile betting ballot measure was deferred in a House committee in Feb 2026.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "South Dakota Commission on Gaming", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://dor.sd.gov/businesses/gaming/" }, { "name": "South Dakota Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://atg.sd.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "South Dakota joined a 37-state coalition (36 states plus California) that filed an amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit supporting Ohio's enforcement position against Kalshi (date is the coalition announcement).", "source_name": "California Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/node/624780" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/south-dakota" }, { "abbr": "TN", "name": "Tennessee", "slug": "tennessee", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "The Sixth Circuit vacated Kalshi's Tennessee injunction (rehearing is pending); Tennessee has since ordered Underdog to stop offering sports contracts, and Underdog has sued.", "summary": "In January 2026 the Tennessee Sports Wagering Council ordered Kalshi, Polymarket and Crypto.com to stop offering sports event contracts and refund Tennessee customers. Kalshi obtained a temporary restraining order and then a preliminary injunction from Judge Aleta Trauger. On September 25, 2026, the Sixth Circuit vacated that injunction, holding that the contracts are not swaps and that state gambling law is not preempted; Kalshi has sought rehearing en banc. In October the Council sent Underdog a cease-and-desist letter, and Underdog sued in federal court. Tennessee also enacted a 2026 law making prediction-market manipulation a felony.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online-only sports betting since November 1, 2020; no retail sportsbooks; minimum age 21.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Tennessee Sports Wagering Council", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://www.tn.gov/swc.html" }, { "name": "Tennessee Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.tn.gov/attorneygeneral.html" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-01-09", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket", "Crypto.com" ], "description": "The Sports Wagering Council ordered the three platforms to stop offering sports event contracts to Tennesseans, void pending contracts and refund customer deposits by January 31, 2026. The letters cited tiered fines of $10,000 to $25,000 per violation and possible criminal referral.", "source_name": "The Block", "source_url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/385002/polymarket-faces-first-state-level-cease-and-desist-from-tennessee-weeks-after-us-relaunch-report" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi sued the Council, its executive director Mary Beth Thomas and Attorney General Jonathan Skrmetti in the Middle District of Tennessee.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/01/12/kalshi-sues-tennessee-regulator-ag/" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Aleta Trauger granted Kalshi a temporary restraining order, allowing it to keep offering sports contracts in Tennessee.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/01/12/kalshi-sues-tennessee-regulator-ag/" }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Trauger granted Kalshi a preliminary injunction against state enforcement, finding the contracts likely swaps and state law likely preempted; the Council itself was dismissed from the case.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/02/20/tennessee-kalshi-preliminary-injunction/" }, { "date": "2026-05-22", "type": "legislation", "platforms": [], "description": "Gov. Bill Lee signed SB 1992/HB 2079, which makes it a Class E felony to try, for financial gain, to influence an event while holding a prediction-market contract tied to it (Public Chapter 1109, effective July 1, 2026).", "source_name": "FastDemocracy (Tennessee SB 1992 history)", "source_url": "https://fastdemocracy.com/bill/tn/114/bills/TNB00059345" }, { "date": "2026-09-25", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Sixth Circuit vacated the preliminary injunction and remanded, holding that sports event contracts are not swaps and that the Commodity Exchange Act does not preempt Tennessee's gambling laws.", "source_name": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit opinion 26a0272p.06", "source_url": "https://www.opn.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/26a0272p-06.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-10-09", "type": "cease_and_desist", "platforms": [ "Underdog" ], "description": "The Council's director of fantasy sports told Underdog to halt its prediction market operations in Tennessee, warning of penalties, referral to law enforcement and possible revocation of its affiliate's fantasy sports license.", "source_name": "Covers", "source_url": "https://www.covers.com/industry/underdog-sues-tennessee-after-cease-and-desist-order-oct-14-2026" }, { "date": "2026-10-09", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi petitioned for panel rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Sixth Circuit decision in the consolidated Ohio and Tennessee appeals.", "source_name": "Kalshi rehearing petition (ECF stamp)", "source_url": "https://www.nextpredict.io/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Kalshi-rehearing-petition-sixth-circuit.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-10-13", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Underdog" ], "description": "Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM (Underdog Predict) sued Attorney General Skrmetti and Sports Wagering Council officials and members in the Middle District of Tennessee (Nashville), seeking a declaration of federal preemption and a permanent injunction.", "source_name": "Underdog complaint (M.D. Tenn. No. 3:26-cv-01461, ECF 1)", "source_url": "https://www.sportsbettingdime.com/app/uploads/2026/10/UD-Tennessee.pdf" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "SB 1992 / HB 2079 (Public Chapter 1109)", "title": "Criminal offenses: prediction market manipulation", "status": "enacted", "date": "2026-05-22", "description": "Makes it a Class E felony to try, for financial gain, to influence an event while holding a prediction-market contract tied to it. Signed May 22, 2026; Public Chapter 1109 assigned May 27; effective July 1, 2026.", "source_url": "https://fastdemocracy.com/bill/tn/114/bills/TNB00059345" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "KalshiEX LLC v. Orgel et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, M.D. Tenn.; on appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit", "docket": "3:26-cv-00034 (M.D. Tenn.); 26-5235 (6th Cir.)" }, { "caption": "Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Skrmetti et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, M.D. Tenn.", "docket": "3:26-cv-01461" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/tennessee" }, { "abbr": "TX", "name": "Texas", "slug": "texas", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Texas has not acted against prediction markets but held a Senate hearing in September 2026 ahead of possible 2027 legislation.", "summary": "No Texas cease-and-desist, lawsuit, or enacted law on prediction markets was found, and Attorney General Ken Paxton has not joined the multistate briefs against Kalshi. In March 2026, Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick directed the Senate State Affairs Committee to study prediction-market gambling, and the committee heard testimony on September 15, 2026. Any bills would come in the regular session that begins in January 2027.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "No legal sports betting.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Texas Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-03", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "Lt. Gov. Patrick gave the Senate State Affairs Committee an interim charge to study prediction-market gambling and whether federal law lets platforms operate in Texas without a state license.", "source_name": "Legal Sports Report", "source_url": "https://www.legalsportsreport.com/?p=275931" }, { "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Senate State Affairs Committee held an interim hearing on its 'Closing Gambling Loopholes' charge, which covers prediction markets; witnesses included the American Gaming Association, Kalshi and Texas Values. No vote was reported.", "source_name": "Texas Senate Committee on State Affairs hearing notice", "source_url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/schedules/pdf/C5702026091509001.PDF" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/texas" }, { "abbr": "UT", "name": "Utah", "slug": "utah", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "Utah beat Kalshi in federal court, expanded its gambling ban to cover proposition bets, and sued Kalshi in state court on October 20, 2026.", "summary": "Kalshi sued Utah officials in February 2026 to block enforcement of state gambling law, and the legislature enacted HB 243 defining proposition bets as gambling, effective May 6, 2026. On August 4, 2026, Judge Robert Shelby granted summary judgment to Utah, finding that federal commodities law does not displace the state's gambling ban; the Tenth Circuit denied Kalshi an injunction pending appeal on September 8, and the appeal remains pending. On October 20, 2026, Attorney General Derek Brown sued Kalshi entities and two trading firms in state court, seeking an injunction backed by geolocation, fee disgorgement and restitution. No court has yet ordered Kalshi to stop serving Utah users.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "not_legal", "note": "All gambling is prohibited under the Utah Constitution; no legal sports betting.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Utah Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://attorneygeneral.utah.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-02-23", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi filed a preemptive federal suit against Gov. Spencer Cox, Attorney General Derek Brown and other officials, seeking to block enforcement of Utah's gambling laws against its contracts.", "source_name": "CoinStats prediction market legal tracker", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/kalshi-ut/" }, { "date": "2026-05-06", "type": "legislation", "platforms": [], "description": "HB 243 (Gambling Revisions) took effect, adding proposition bets on an individual action, statistic or occurrence to Utah's definition of gambling.", "source_name": "Utah Legislature (HB 243 enrolled copy)", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2026/bills/enrolled/HB0243.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge Robert J. Shelby granted summary judgment to Utah and closed the case, holding that federal commodities law does not displace Utah's power to ban gambling, including as applied to Kalshi's sports contracts.", "source_name": "Utah Attorney General", "source_url": "https://attorneygeneral.utah.gov/utah-defeats-kalshi-in-federal-court/" }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi's appeal was docketed at the Tenth Circuit (No. 26-4100).", "source_name": "Justia Dockets (10th Cir. No. 26-4100)", "source_url": "https://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca10/26-4100" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Tenth Circuit denied Kalshi's emergency motion for an injunction pending appeal, leaving Utah free to enforce while the appeal proceeds.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/09/08/kalshi-denied-tenth-circuit-appeal/" }, { "date": "2026-10-20", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "other" ], "description": "Attorney General Brown sued Kalshi, four Kalshi subsidiaries and two Pennsylvania-based trading firms that supply pricing and liquidity in Utah's Third District Court, alleging that Kalshi operates as an unlicensed gambling business. The state seeks an order barring Kalshi from taking Utah wagers, enforced through a court-approved geolocation tool, plus fees it estimates at $30.6 million to $61.2 million and about $5.5 million in restitution for Utah users' losses.", "source_name": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "source_url": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/2026/10/20/utah-sues-kalshi-brazen-pattern/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "HB 243 (2026 General Session)", "title": "Gambling Revisions", "status": "enacted", "date": "2026-03", "description": "Sponsored by Rep. Joseph Elison and Sen. Brady Brammer, the law defines 'proposition bet' and makes it part of Utah's definition of gambling; effective May 6, 2026. It does not mention event contracts or prediction markets by name.", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2026/bills/enrolled/HB0243.pdf" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "KalshiEx LLC v. Cox et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, D. Utah; on appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit", "docket": "2:26-cv-00151 (D. Utah); 26-4100 (10th Cir.)" }, { "caption": "Derek Brown, Attorney General, on behalf of the State of Utah v. Kalshi Inc. et al.", "court": "Third Judicial District Court, Utah", "docket": null } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/utah" }, { "abbr": "VT", "name": "Vermont", "slug": "vermont", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Vermont has taken no enforcement action; a 2026 House bill to prohibit certain prediction markets died in committee when the session ended.", "summary": "No Vermont cease-and-desist or lawsuit against prediction markets was found. H.913, introduced in February 2026, would have prohibited certain prediction-market contracts; it got a committee walk-through in April 2026 but no vote and died when the 2025-2026 legislative biennium adjourned in late May 2026. Vermont joined the June 2026 amicus brief supporting Ohio.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online-only sports betting since January 2024; no retail sportsbooks; minimum age 21.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Vermont Department of Liquor and Lottery", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://liquorandlottery.vermont.gov/" }, { "name": "Vermont Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://ago.vermont.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Vermont joined a 37-state coalition (36 states plus California) that filed an amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit supporting Ohio's enforcement position against Kalshi (date is the coalition announcement).", "source_name": "California Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/node/624780" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "H.913", "title": "An act relating to prohibiting certain prediction markets securities", "status": "failed", "date": "2026-02-25", "description": "Introduced by Rep. Thomas Stevens and others and referred to the House Committee on Government Operations and Military Affairs, which took testimony on April 14, 2026. No committee vote was recorded, and the bill died when the 2025-2026 biennium adjourned in late May 2026 (date shown is introduction).", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.913" } ], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/vermont" }, { "abbr": "VA", "name": "Virginia", "slug": "virginia", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Virginia has not acted against prediction markets; a 2026 gaming-commission bill that would have studied them failed.", "summary": "No Virginia cease-and-desist, state lawsuit, or prediction-market statute was found. HB 271, which would have created a Virginia Gaming Commission and directed it to study prediction markets, failed in the 2026 session. Virginia joined the June 2026 amicus brief supporting Ohio. A private federal suit against Kalshi was filed in the Eastern District of Virginia in 2026.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting live since January 2021; minimum age 21.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Virginia Lottery", "role": "lottery", "url": "https://www.valottery.com/" }, { "name": "Virginia Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.oag.state.va.us/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Virginia joined a 37-state coalition (36 states plus California) that filed an amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit supporting Ohio's enforcement position against Kalshi (date is the coalition announcement).", "source_name": "California Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/node/624780" } ], "laws_and_bills": [ { "id": "HB 271 (2026)", "title": "Virginia Gaming Commission", "status": "failed", "date": "2026-03-14", "description": "Sponsored by Del. Paul Krizek, the bill would have created an independent Virginia Gaming Commission; an early-session summary said it would also direct the commission to study prediction markets. It failed in the session that adjourned March 14, 2026.", "source_url": "https://www.williamsmullen.com/insights/news/legal-news/general-assembly-hot-topic-bills-end-2026-virginia-legislative-session" } ], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "Moran v. KalshiEX LLC et al. (private suit)", "court": "U.S. District Court, E.D. Va. (Alexandria Division)", "docket": "1:26-cv-03008" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/virginia" }, { "abbr": "WA", "name": "Washington", "slug": "washington", "status": "court_blocked", "headline": "A King County court injunction bars Kalshi from offering sports, election and several other categories of event contracts to Washington users while the state's lawsuit proceeds.", "summary": "Washington's Gambling Commission said in December 2025 that prediction markets are not authorized in the state. In March 2026, Attorney General Nick Brown sued Kalshi under the Gambling Act and the Consumer Protection Act. After a federal court sent the case back to state court, King County Superior Court Judge John McHale granted a preliminary injunction in July 2026. His August 12 order requires Kalshi to geofence Washington users out of sports, election, politics, entertainment and similar contracts, while economic and financial contracts may continue. Robinhood, Crypto.com's OG, Underdog and Novig have filed federal suits against Washington officials, and the state has agreed not to enforce against some of them while Ninth Circuit appeals are pending.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "retail_only", "note": "Sports betting only at tribal casinos (including on-premises mobile wagering on tribal land); no statewide online betting.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Washington State Gambling Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://wsgc.wa.gov/" }, { "name": "Washington Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.atg.wa.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-12-09", "type": "regulator_guidance", "platforms": [], "description": "The Gambling Commission said event-based contract platforms are not authorized in Washington and pointed residents to tribal sportsbooks.", "source_name": "Washington State Gambling Commission", "source_url": "https://wsgc.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2025-12/Predition%20Markets%20Press%20release.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Attorney General Nick Brown sued Kalshi in King County Superior Court under the Gambling Act and the Consumer Protection Act, seeking to stop the activity, recover residents' losses and obtain civil penalties. Kalshi removed the case to federal court.", "source_name": "Washington Attorney General", "source_url": "https://www.atg.wa.gov/news/news-releases/washington-sues-online-betting-platform-kalshi-illegal-gambling" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Robinhood" ], "description": "Robinhood Derivatives sued the attorney general and the Gambling Commission in federal court in Tacoma to block enforcement against event contracts it distributes.", "source_name": "GeekWire", "source_url": "https://www.geekwire.com/2026/robinhood-sues-wa-state-to-block-enforcement-of-gambling-laws-against-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "U.S. District Judge John C. Coughenour remanded the state's Kalshi case to King County Superior Court.", "source_name": "CoinStats prediction market legal tracker", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/kalshi-wa/" }, { "date": "2026-05-21", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Ninth Circuit denied Kalshi's request to pause the state-court litigation while it appeals the remand.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/news/ninth-circuit-denies-kalshi-stay-washington-possible-supreme-court-appeal/" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge John McHale granted the state a preliminary injunction against Kalshi, rejecting its federal preemption defense.", "source_name": "GeekWire", "source_url": "https://www.geekwire.com/2026/kalshi-brings-in-former-u-s-solicitor-general-as-washington-state-gambling-case-escalates/" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Crypto.com" ], "description": "North American Derivatives Exchange (Crypto.com's OG) sued the attorney general and Gambling Commission members in the Western District of Washington, citing an imminent threat of enforcement.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/07/23/crypto-suit-washington-state/" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Novig" ], "description": "Ludlow Exchange, the exchange behind Novig, sued Washington officials in federal court to block enforcement of the state's gambling laws against its event contracts; it filed similar suits against Massachusetts, New Mexico and New York the same week.", "source_name": "Deadspin", "source_url": "https://deadspin.com/prediction-markets/legal-news/novig-sues-to-defend-cftc-exclusive-authority-over-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "A Washington Court of Appeals commissioner denied Kalshi's emergency request to stay the injunction pending appeal.", "source_name": "GeekWire", "source_url": "https://www.geekwire.com/2026/kalshi-ordered-to-shut-down-sports-and-election-prediction-markets-in-washington-state-by-sept-2/" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Judge McHale's order barred Kalshi from offering or advertising sports, election, politics, entertainment, culture, technology, science and mention contracts to Washington users. It required IP and residency geofencing by August 19 and multi-source geolocation by September 2, with possible $120,000 daily penalties.", "source_name": "Washington State Standard", "source_url": "https://washingtonstatestandard.com/2026/08/13/kalshi-ordered-to-sharply-curtail-operations-in-wa/" }, { "date": "2026-08-18", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Crypto.com" ], "description": "The attorney general and Gambling Commission agreed not to pursue civil or criminal enforcement against OG over event contracts until the Ninth Circuit resolves pending preemption appeals.", "source_name": "KOMO News", "source_url": "https://komonews.com/news/consumer/kalshi-bet-on-anything-asks-king-county-judge-to-reconsider-washington-injunction-washington-attorney-general-prediction-market-gambling-commission" }, { "date": "2026-08-20", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi asked Judge McHale to reconsider the amended injunction or, alternatively, his denial of a stay, citing the state's non-enforcement agreement with OG. The motion was set for a Sept. 2 decision without oral argument; no ruling had been reported as of Oct. 21, 2026.", "source_name": "KOMO News", "source_url": "https://komonews.com/news/consumer/kalshi-bet-on-anything-asks-king-county-judge-to-reconsider-washington-injunction-washington-attorney-general-prediction-market-gambling-commission" }, { "date": "2026-08", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Kalshi began notifying Washington users that sports, election, politics, entertainment, culture, tech, science and mention markets were blocked in the state, while commodities, climate, economics and finance contracts stayed available (reported the week of Aug. 17).", "source_name": "Sports Betting Dime", "source_url": "https://sportsbettingdime.com/news/industry/kalshi-starts-blocking-access-to-sports-event-contracts-in-washington" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Underdog" ], "description": "Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM (Underdog Predict) sued Washington officials in the Western District of Washington; the case was reassigned to Judge Thomas Zilly after Judge Robert Lasnik recused on September 14.", "source_name": "DeFi Rate legal tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" }, { "date": "2026-09-23", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "The Ninth Circuit stayed Kalshi's appeal of the remand order until rulings in the Nevada case (KalshiEX v. Assad) take effect.", "source_name": "CoinStats prediction market legal tracker", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/kalshi-wa/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "State of Washington v. KalshiEX LLC et al.", "court": "King County Superior Court (Washington); remand appeal at U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit", "docket": "26-3106 (9th Cir. remand appeal); superior court number not found" }, { "caption": "Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Washington officials (AG Nick Brown and Gambling Commission members)", "court": "U.S. District Court, W.D. Wash. (Tacoma)", "docket": "3:26-cv-05311" }, { "caption": "North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. (d/b/a OG) v. Washington officials", "court": "U.S. District Court, W.D. Wash.", "docket": "2:26-cv-02579" }, { "caption": "Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Brown et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, W.D. Wash.", "docket": "2:26-cv-03200" }, { "caption": "Ludlow Exchange LLC (Novig) v. Brown et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, W.D. Wash.", "docket": "3:26-cv-05888" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/washington" }, { "abbr": "WV", "name": "West Virginia", "slug": "west-virginia", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "No West Virginia lawsuit, cease-and-desist, or prediction-market bill was found as of October 2026.", "summary": "Searches found no action by the West Virginia Lottery, attorney general, or legislature aimed at CFTC-regulated prediction markets. West Virginia was not among the 37 states in the June 2026 Sixth Circuit amicus brief supporting Ohio. The state has offered legal online and retail sports betting since 2018.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online and retail sports betting live since August 2018; minimum age 21.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "West Virginia Lottery", "role": "lottery", "url": "https://wvlottery.com/" }, { "name": "West Virginia Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://ago.wv.gov/" } ], "actions": [], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/west-virginia" }, { "abbr": "WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "slug": "wisconsin", "status": "in_litigation", "headline": "Wisconsin's suits against five prediction markets sit in federal court awaiting remand rulings, alongside CFTC, operator, tribal and voter cases.", "summary": "On April 23, 2026, Attorney General Josh Kaul filed three Dane County suits against Kalshi, Robinhood, Coinbase, Polymarket and Crypto.com, alleging that their sports event contracts violate state gambling law; the defendants removed them to federal court, where the state's remand and injunction motions were pending as of mid-October. The CFTC sued Wisconsin to assert preemption, but Judge William Griesbach denied it a preliminary injunction on July 28, 2026, and the CFTC appealed. Novig and Underdog filed their own federal suits. In the Ho-Chunk Nation's case against Kalshi and Robinhood, Judge William Conley denied an injunction but found the tribe likely to succeed on its Indian Gaming Regulatory Act claim; that ruling is now before the Seventh Circuit. Separately, the Elections Commission warned that buying election contracts could disqualify a voter, and a voter sued over that position in mid-October 2026.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "retail_only", "note": "Retail sports betting at tribal casinos; a law signed April 9, 2026 authorizes tribal mobile betting, but no launch date is set.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Wisconsin Department of Justice", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://www.wisdoj.gov/" }, { "name": "Wisconsin Department of Administration, Division of Gaming", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://doa.wi.gov/" }, { "name": "Wisconsin Elections Commission", "role": "other", "url": "https://elections.wi.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2025-08-20", "type": "tribal_action", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Robinhood" ], "description": "The Ho-Chunk Nation sued Kalshi and Robinhood in the Western District of Wisconsin, alleging that sports event contracts amount to unauthorized Class III gaming on tribal lands, with additional Lanham Act and RICO claims.", "source_name": "CoinStats prediction market legal tracker", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/kalshi-wi/" }, { "date": "2026-04-23", "type": "state_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Robinhood", "Coinbase", "Polymarket", "Crypto.com" ], "description": "Attorney General Kaul filed three Dane County suits alleging that sports event contracts violate Wis. Stat. 945.03(1m) and create a public nuisance, seeking declarations and injunctions.", "source_name": "Wisconsin Department of Justice", "source_url": "https://www.wisdoj.gov/PressReleases/press-release-sports-betting.pdf" }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Robinhood", "Coinbase" ], "description": "Defendants removed the state's case to the Western District of Wisconsin; the Polymarket and Crypto.com cases were also removed.", "source_name": "CoinStats prediction market legal tracker", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/kalshi-wi/" }, { "date": "2026-04-28", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "The CFTC sued Gov. Tony Evers, AG Kaul and the Division of Gaming administrator in the Eastern District of Wisconsin, seeking a declaration that federal law preempts state gambling law as applied to exchange-listed event contracts.", "source_name": "The Block", "source_url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/399253/cftc-sues-wisconsin-federal-state-clash-prediction-market-oversight" }, { "date": "2026-05-11", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Robinhood" ], "description": "In the Ho-Chunk case, Judge William Conley denied a preliminary injunction for lack of irreparable harm but let the tribe's Indian Gaming Regulatory Act claim proceed, finding it likely to succeed.", "source_name": "Courthouse News Service", "source_url": "https://courthousenews.com/federal-judge-rejects-tribes-bid-to-oust-prediction-markets-in-wisconsin/" }, { "date": "2026-07-09", "type": "regulator_guidance", "platforms": [ "Kalshi", "Polymarket" ], "description": "The Wisconsin Elections Commission approved a staff memo concluding that election contracts likely count as wagers under Wis. Stat. 6.03(2), which can disqualify a voter from voting in that election.", "source_name": "Gambling Insider", "source_url": "https://www.gamblinginsider.com/news/176556/wisconsin-election-prediction-market-felony-warning" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "court_order", "platforms": [], "description": "In the CFTC's suit (E.D. Wis. No. 26-C-749), Judge William Griesbach denied a preliminary injunction, finding the CFTC unlikely to show that sports event contracts are swaps or that state gambling law is preempted. He also denied motions by two prediction markets to intervene. The CFTC appealed to the Seventh Circuit.", "source_name": "A&O Shearman litigation alert", "source_url": "https://www.lit-wc.aoshearman.com/federal-court-denies-cftcs-bid-to-enjoin-wisconsins-enforcement-of-gambling-laws-against-prediction-markets" }, { "date": "2026-08-14", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Novig" ], "description": "Ludlow Exchange (Novig) sued to block the Wisconsin DOJ from enforcing state gambling law against its sports event contracts.", "source_name": "CoinStats prediction market legal tracker", "source_url": "https://coinstats.app/prediction-markets/legal/kalshi-wi/" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "operator_lawsuit", "platforms": [ "Underdog" ], "description": "Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM (Underdog Predict) sued Wisconsin officials in the Western District of Wisconsin as part of a five-state filing.", "source_name": "SBC Americas", "source_url": "https://sbcamericas.com/2026/09/09/underdog-sues-states-prediction-markets/" }, { "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "tribal_action", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "After Judge Conley certified his Ho-Chunk ruling for interlocutory appeal, Kalshi petitioned the Seventh Circuit for permission to appeal under 28 U.S.C. 1292(b) (No. 26-8020); no ruling on the petition was found.", "source_name": "Justia Dockets (7th Cir. No. 26-8020)", "source_url": "https://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca7/26-8020" }, { "date": "2026-10-17", "type": "other", "platforms": [], "description": "A voter, Joseph Giganti Sr., filed a federal civil-rights suit against Elections Commission members challenging the view that buying election contracts could disqualify him from voting (date per DeFi Rate's docket tracker).", "source_name": "DeFi Rate legal tracker", "source_url": "https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [ { "caption": "State of Wisconsin v. KalshiEX LLC et al. (with Robinhood and Coinbase entities)", "court": "Dane County Circuit Court; removed to U.S. District Court, W.D. Wis.", "docket": "3:26-cv-00378 (W.D. Wis.)" }, { "caption": "State of Wisconsin v. Blockratize, Inc. et al. (Polymarket)", "court": "Dane County Circuit Court; removed to U.S. District Court, W.D. Wis.", "docket": "2026CV001285 (Dane Cty.); 3:26-cv-00375 (W.D. Wis.)" }, { "caption": "State of Wisconsin v. Foris Dax Markets, Inc. (Crypto.com)", "court": "Dane County Circuit Court; removed to U.S. District Court, W.D. Wis.", "docket": "2026CV001286 (Dane Cty.); 3:26-cv-00381 (W.D. Wis.)" }, { "caption": "United States (CFTC) v. Wisconsin et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, E.D. Wis.; appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit", "docket": "26-C-749 (E.D. Wis.); 26-2636 (7th Cir.)" }, { "caption": "Ho-Chunk Nation v. Kalshi Inc. et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, W.D. Wis.; Seventh Circuit petition for permission to appeal", "docket": "3:25-cv-00698 (W.D. Wis.); 26-8020 (7th Cir.)" }, { "caption": "Ludlow Exchange LLC (Novig) v. Kaul et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, W.D. Wis.", "docket": "3:26-cv-00761" }, { "caption": "Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Kaul et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, W.D. Wis.", "docket": "3:26-cv-00858" }, { "caption": "Giganti, Sr. v. Moynihan, Jr. et al.", "court": "U.S. District Court, E.D. Wis.", "docket": "1:26-cv-01934" } ], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/wisconsin" }, { "abbr": "WY", "name": "Wyoming", "slug": "wyoming", "status": "no_public_action", "headline": "Wyoming has taken no action against prediction markets beyond joining a multistate amicus brief supporting Ohio.", "summary": "No Wyoming cease-and-desist, lawsuit, or prediction-market bill was found. Wyoming joined the June 2026 coalition amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit supporting Ohio's position against Kalshi. The state has offered online-only sports betting since 2021.", "online_sports_betting": { "status": "legal_online", "note": "Online-only sports betting since September 2021; no retail sportsbooks; minimum age 18.", "source_url": "https://www.gambling.com/us/sportsbooks/legal" }, "regulators": [ { "name": "Wyoming Gaming Commission", "role": "gaming regulator", "url": "https://gaming.wyo.gov/" }, { "name": "Wyoming Attorney General", "role": "attorney general", "url": "https://ag.wyo.gov/" } ], "actions": [ { "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "other", "platforms": [ "Kalshi" ], "description": "Wyoming joined a 37-state coalition (36 states plus California) that filed an amicus brief in the Sixth Circuit supporting Ohio's enforcement position against Kalshi (date is the coalition announcement).", "source_name": "California Attorney General press release", "source_url": "https://oag.ca.gov/node/624780" } ], "laws_and_bills": [], "related_cases": [], "last_checked": "2026-10-21", "url": "https://predictionmarketlaws.com/states/wyoming" } ] }